Bone

Question 1

2 types of bones?

Answer 1

Compact

Spongy/cancellous

Question 2

Functions of bones

Answer 2

Provides internal supports
Protects vital organs
Encloses the blood element in bone marrow
Provides a reservoir of ionic calcium for metabolic processes

Question 3

What is the bone composition?

Answer 3

35% of protein/matrix
65% mineral salts
Other is Small amount of water

Question 4

What is osteogenic cell?

Answer 4

Develops into osteoblast

Question 5

What does osteoblast do?

Answer 5

Forms bone tissue

Question 6

What does osteocyte do?

Answer 6

Maintains bone tissue

Question 7

What does osteoclast do?

Answer 7

It function in resorption

Involved in destruction of matrix

Question 8

Undergoes mitotic division and deferentiate into osteoblast?

Answer 8

Osteoprogenitor cell=mesenchymal stem cell

Question 9

The synthesis of organic components of bone matrix?

Answer 9

Osteoid

Question 10

The spaces where Condrocyte reside In?

Answer 10

Lacunae

Question 11

Which substance in the bones is responsible for cellular duties(Exchange of nutrients n waste with blood)?

Answer 11

Canaliculi

Question 12

Osteoclasts?

Answer 12

It is motile and multinucleated

They are derived from blood monocytes

Question 13

Osteoclasts in contact with bone is divided into which 2 regions?

Answer 13

Ruffle border

Clear zone

Question 14

What is ruffle border?

Answer 14

Portion that is directly involved in resorption of bone

Containing infoldings of the plasma membrane which increases surface area

Question 15

What is clear zone?

Answer 15

It is where the osteoclasts attaches/adheres to bone matrix

Surrounds the periphery of ruffled border

Question 16

What happens in bone remodelling?

Answer 16

The enzymes(lysosomal) are released by exocytosis and degrade the organic components of bone

Question 17

The long shaft of bone?

Answer 17

Diaphysis (found in the middle)

Question 18

Ends of bone?

Answer 18

Epiphysis(distal and proximal)

Question 19

Growth plate?

Answer 19

Epiphyseal plate

Question 20

What do we find between epiphysis and diphysis?

Answer 20

Metaphysis

Question 21

What covers epiphysis

Answer 21

Articular cartilage

Question 22

What is the bone covering?

Answer 22

Periosteum

And it is pain sensitive

Question 23

The thin layer lining the medullary cavity?

Answer 23

Endosteum

Question 24

Hollow cavity in bone?

Answer 24

Medullary cavity

Question 25

Types of medullary cavity?

Answer 25

Yellow marrow-adipose | Red marrow-ptoduces red blood cells

Question 26

What attaches the periosteum to underlying bone?

Answer 26

Sharpey's fibers

Question 27

What is a compact bone?

Answer 27

An external layer of bone | Also called lamellar bone

Question 28

Groups of elongated tubules?

Answer 28

Lamella

Question 29

Functions of compact bone?

Answer 29

``` Protection and support Helps long bones resist stress of weight Tensile strength(not to be stretched apart) ```

Question 30

What are osteons?

Answer 30

Also called haversian systems | Arrangements of compact bone

Question 31

Concentric layers of osteons?

Answer 31

Lamellae

Question 32

Canal that is surrounded by lamellae that consist of blood vessels and nerves ?

Answer 32

Haversian canal

Question 33

Parallel arrangement to the surface?

Answer 33

Circumferential lamellae

Question 34

Parallel arrangement to the surface?

Answer 34

Circumferential lamellae

Question 35

Osteons are connected to each other And periosteum by what?

Answer 35

Volkman's canals

Question 36

Communication by osteocyte is through?

Answer 36

Canaliculi

Question 37

What is a spongy bone?

Answer 37

It Makes up epiphysis Found in hips,ribs,sternum No true osteons

Question 38

Loosely organized lamellae rings with osteocyte?

Answer 38

Trabeculae

Question 39

What is a woven bone?

Answer 39

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres It is a disease When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

Question 40

What is a woven bone?

Answer 40

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres It is a disease When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

Question 41

What is a woven bone?

Answer 41

Haphazard organisation of collagen fibres It is a disease When osteoblast produce osteoid rapidly

Question 42

Bone formation is called?

Answer 42

Ossification or Osteogenesis | Begins around 6th-7th week of embryonic life

Question 43

Types of ossification ?

Answer 43

Intramembraneous ossification-Within CT membranes Endochondral ossification- from hyaline cartilage

Question 44

Stages of repair

Answer 44

Formation of fracture hematoma Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodelling

Question 45

Stages of repair

Answer 45

Formation of fracture hematoma Fibrocartilage callus formation Bony callus formation Bone remodelling

Question 46

What is hematoma?

Answer 46

An abnormal collection of blood outside of a blood vessel