Muscle

Question 1

Functions of muscle tissues

Answer 1

To produce force 
Cause emotion 
Heat generation 
Locomotion/movement
Joint stabilization

Question 2

Types of muscle tissues?

Answer 2

Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth

Question 3

Location of Smooth muscles

Answer 3

Inner linings of organs

Question 4

Location of skeletal

Answer 4

Attached to bones

Question 5

Location of Cardiac muscles

Answer 5

In the heart

Longest group of cells

Question 6

Structure of skeletal

Answer 6

Long 
Cylindrical 
Multinucleated
Striated
Peripherally placed nuclei

Question 7

Functions of skeletal

Answer 7

Voluntary actions
Locomotion
Facial expressions

Question 8

Structure of cardiac muscle

Answer 8

Striated
Elongated
Unicleated cells and branched
Intercalated discs

Question 9

Structure of smooth muscle

Answer 9

Spindle shaped 
Central nuclei
Unstriated
Arranged closely
Irregularly arranged

Question 10

Aim of contractility characteristics?

Answer 10

To shorten

Because shortening generates pulling strength

Question 11

What does excitability characteristics do?

Answer 11

Nerve fibers causes electrical impulses to travel

Question 12

What does it mean for the characteristics of extensibility?

Answer 12

Stretch with contraction of an opposing muscle

Question 13

What does elasticity characteristics mean?

Answer 13

The muscle recoils passively after being stretched

Question 14

Contraction of skeletal muscle?

Answer 14

Quick and vigorous

Question 15

Contraction of cardiac?

Answer 15

Vigorous and rhythmic

Question 16

Contraction of smooth m?

Answer 16

Slow and long lasting

Question 17

The membrane that covers nerve fibres?

Answer 17

Endomysium

Question 18

Grouped fibers?

Answer 18

Fassicles

Question 19

The membrane that covers flassices?

Answer 19

Perimysium

Question 20

The membrane that covers the muscle?

Answer 20

Epimysium

Question 21

Skeletal fibers can be deferentiate into?

Answer 21

Red fibers and white/intermediate fibers

Question 22

Diameter and mitochondria of white and red fibers?

Answer 22

Red fibers:
Small diameter
More mitochondria

white fibers:
Large diameter
Less mitochondria

Question 23

Red fibers make up which muscles?

Answer 23

Slow-twitch muscles for endurance

Question 23

Red fibers make up which muscles?

Answer 23

Slow-twitch muscles for endurance

Question 24

White fibers make up which muscles?

Answer 24

Fast-twitch muscle(burst of power)!

Question 25

Which fibers are more resistant to fatigue?

Answer 25

Red fibers

Question 26

Which fibers have more myoglobin?

Answer 26

Red fibers

Question 27

Which fibers store glycogen and use anaerobic metabolism?

Answer 27

White fibers

Question 28

Which muscle have 1 or 2 centrally placed nuclei?

Answer 28

Cardiac muscle

Question 29

How are T tubules in a cardiac muscle?

Answer 29

They are 2X larger in diameter than in skeletal muscle

Question 30

Function of T tubules?

Answer 30

Transport Calcium ions into fibers

Question 31

Describe fibers in cardiac muscle

Answer 31

Branched with Intercalated discs

Question 32

The muscle fiber is known as?

Answer 32

Myocyte

Question 33

A longitudinal bundle of myofilamenfs within a muscle Cell?

Answer 33

Myofibrils

Question 34

Which type of muscles contain actin and myosin

Answer 34

All of them

Question 35

Myofilaments is made up of what?

Answer 35

3 types of filaments Myosin-thick Actin-Thin Titin-Elastic

Question 36

Which muscles have sarcomeres?

Answer 36

The striated ones.. | Cardiac and skeletal muscles

Question 37

What is a sarcomeres?

Answer 37

Segment that runs from Z line to Z line

Question 38

Characteristics of smooth muscle

Answer 38

Cells are spindle shaped with central nucleus Not striated Contain more actin than myosin No sarcomeres Prominent presence of dense bodies instead of Z disks

Question 39

Mechanism of smooth muscle contraction

Answer 39

Intracellular calcium ions concentrations increase when Calcium enters the cell and release from sarcoplasmic reticulum Calcium ions bonds to calmodulin The calcium ions-calmodulin activates MLCK MLCK phosphorylates light chains in myosin heads and increases myosin ATPase activity Active myosin crossvridges side along chain and create muscle tension

Question 40

The relaxation mechanisms of muscle tissues

Answer 40

free calcium ions in cytosol decreases when Calcium is pumped out of the cell or back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum Calcium ions unbinds from calmodium Myosin phosphatase removes phosphate from myosin which decreases myosin ATPase activity Less myosin ATPase results in decreased muscle tension

Question 41

Myosin ATPase activity in different muscles

Answer 41

Faster in skeletal Slowest in smooth Intermediate in cardiac