Bone and Cartilage Structure Flashcards
What is the macroscopic structure of Long Bones?
- diaphysis
- epiphysis
- periosteum
What is the diaphysis of the long bone?
hollow cylinder of compact bone surrounding medullary cavity
What is the epiphysis of the long bone?
- enlarged end of bones covered with a thin layer of cartilage
- contains spongy or cancellous bone
- some bones contain red bone marrow
What is the periosteum of the long bone?
dense, white outer cover of the bone
What is the structure of the Compact bone?
- composed of many units called osteons
- central canal (haversian canal)
> middle of osteons - concentric lamellae
> rings surrounding central canal - lacunae
> small spaces in the matrix between each lamellae - canaliculus
> tiny canals that run between lacuna
Structure of Spongy or Cancellous bone?
- osteons are not organised
- made up of thin bony plates called trabeculae
What is the structure of cartilage?
collagen, chondrocytes, chondrin, chondroblasts
What is the chondrin?
the firm matrix
What are chondroblasts?
cartilage cells
What are chondrocytes?
mature cartilage cells (chondroblasts)
What are the 3 cartilage types?
- hyaline
- fibrocartilage
- elastic
What is the purpose and structure of hyaline cartilage ? + examples
- dense collagen fibres
- strength and flexibility
- e.g. tracheal rings, bronchi, and end of bones (joints)
What is the purpose and structure of fibrocartilage? + examples
- parallel bundles of thick collagen fibres
- withstand heavy pressure
- e.g. between invertebral disc and meniscus of the knee joint
What is the purpose and structure of elastic cartilage? + examples
- conspicuous elastic fibres and collagen fibres similar to hyaline but not as tightly packed
- flexible elastic support
- e.g. ear
