Bone Basics Flashcards

1
Q

5 categories of bone function

A

support, protection, movement, resivoir, hematopoiesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 supports

A

weight of body, teeth with pressure, organ and other tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 protections

A

skull- brain, rib/sternum : heart and lungs, vert: spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

axial skeleton is..

A

skull, vertebral coloumn and rib cage “long axis”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

appendicular skeleton is..

A

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle, limbs,

locomotion and manipulation of environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4 types of bones

A

long, short, flat, irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

short bone ex

A

wrist and ankle bones - cubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

flat bone ex

A

skull, scapulae, sternum, ribs

- curved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

long bone ex

A

all limb bones except girdles and wrist/ ankle and patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

spongy bone aka

A

trabecular bone

  • honeycomb of needle like projections
  • in adults adipose collects in space of honeycomb
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

osteoblasts

A

blasts build and produce and secrete collagen

initiates calcification process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

osteocytes

A

mature bone cells responsible for maintannecne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

osteoclasts

A

break down the bone

huge cells created from fusion of 50+ monocytes (baby macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where are osteoclasts concentrated?

A

endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what bone cell has a ruffled border?

A

osteoclasts when they are close to bone surface so they can increase SA and secrete digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

osteoclasts destroy bone via…

A

digestive enzymes and pump out H+ to create acidic environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is bone matrix made up mostly of

A

calcium phosphate and calcium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

bone matrix salts combine to make___

A

hydroxyapatite which contains some F, Na, and Mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how is bone matrix laid down?

A

collagen fragments in segments and in gaps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

in kids __ marrow might be in long bones

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

in adults long bones have ___

A

yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where do adults have red marrow?

A

axial skeleton, girdles (pectoral and pelvic) proximal head of humerus and femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is outer periosteum made from?

A

fibrous, dense irregular CT

24
Q

___ is how blood vessels enter the shaft of a bone

A

via nutrient foramen

25
Q

periosteum covers whole bone except___

A

joint surfaces

26
Q

endosteum

A

delicate CT membrane that covers internal bone surfaces

27
Q

endosteum

A

delicate CT membrane that covers internal bone surfaces

28
Q

___ contains both osteoblasts and clasts

A

endosteum

29
Q

what do short, irregular and flat bones NOT have

A

diaphysis, epiphysis or medullary cavity

30
Q

osteons aka

A

haversian systems

31
Q

what passes through haversian canal?

A

veins, arteries, nervs lymphatics

32
Q

concentric tubes called ___ surround the hav. canal

A

lamella

33
Q

lacuna are

A

at the junctions of lamella and where spider shaped osteocytes live

34
Q

Volkmann canals are__

A

run perpendicular to the haversian canals bringing blood and nerve supply from periosteum to haversian canals onto the marrow cavity

35
Q

canaliculi allows ___ to excahange nutrients, wastes, and chem signals via ____

A

osteocytes

gap junctions

36
Q

T/F spongy bone has haversian systems

A

F

37
Q

T/F spongy bone has osteons?

A

F (same as haversian system)

38
Q

trabeculae bone has ___arranged ___ and osteocytes connected by ____

A

irregulary arranged lamella

canallici

39
Q

How does spongy bone get its blood supply?

A

if its filled with red marrow then from red marrow

If filled with yellow marrow then from Volkmanns channels

40
Q

when does bone replacement start in utero

A

after 8 wks

41
Q

intramembranous ossification is development of bone from ___

A

fibrous membranes (mesenchyme)and cartilage

42
Q

endochondral ossification is the replacement of ___ with bone

A

hyaline cartilage

43
Q

where does intramembraneous ossification occur?

A

skull, face, mandible, clavicle, pelvis, scap

44
Q

4 steps of intramembraneous

A
  1. creation of ossification center
  2. creation of bone maintenance mechanism
  3. vascularization
  4. maturation
45
Q

how long does callus formation take?

A

6-8 wks

46
Q

what vitamins do you need for bones?

A

A B12 CD, K

47
Q

what hormone is responsible for calcium and phosphate absorption

A

calcitriol

48
Q

GH and thyroxine ___ bone growth

A

stimulate

49
Q

calcitonin is released in response to ___ and causes ___

A

high calcium levels and causes decreased clast activity and increased blast activity

bottom line: builds up bone

50
Q

parathyroid hormone is released in response to ___ and causes ___

A

low blood calcium and BINDS to blasts to lower activity
blasts release osteoclast stim factor = boosts clasts

Bottom line PTH breaks bone down

51
Q

osteomalacia possible cause

A

poor nurtrition / low calcium levels

Osteoid is produced by inadequately mineralized

52
Q

Rickest is

A

osteomalacia in kids: bowed legs, deformities of pelvis ribs skull etc

53
Q

typically osteomyelitis is ___

A

infection primary to bone

54
Q

what is RF for osteomyelitis

A

IV drug use

55
Q

common fx related to osteoporosis

A

compression fx vertebrae, femur, colles radial and distal ulna