Bone Biology Flashcards
(15 cards)
What are the 2 types of bone?
Cortical and cancellous/ trabecular bone.
Cortical bone is dense and found on the outside.
Cancellous is soft and spongy and it found inside, very vascular but not as strong as cortical
What are the roles of the periosteum and the endosteum?
The periosteum is a thick fibrous membrane which covers the outside of the bone except for at the joint.
The endosteum is a thin layer that lines the inside surface of bone and the medullary canal in long bones
What is bone remodelling?
It is when the body continually replaces areas of old necrotic bone with new bone tissue
Approx every seven years the skeleton has been completely replaced!!
What is Wolffs law?
Bone grows in response to load or mechanical stress.
The bone is resorted in the absence of stress
The more you use the bone the denser and stronger it gets
What are the three phases of fracture repair?
Inflammation: blood fills the area creating a hematoma, immune cells rush to the site causing swelling. Occurs within hour and lasts for a few weeks
Repair: soft callous and hard callous, originally soft callous but is gradually replaced with hard callous. Takes around 3-4 months
Remodelling: once bone reunited, remodelling begins according to wolffs law to the original shape. Can take between 4 months-7 years
What is bone grafting?
For bones to heal they must be in close proximity, known as bony apposition. Bone grafts forms a bridge in which bone can travel
What are the 3 properties of bone grafts?
Osteoinductive (chemical)- induces bone growth through growth factors
Osteoconductive (structural)- provides the frame work for bone growth
Osteogenic (biological)- provides live bone cells for new bone growth
What is an autograft? What is a common place for an autograft?
When a piece of bone is moved from another area of the body to the damaged part
The iliac crest is a popular spot
What is an allograft?
Bone from an outside source, sometimes demineralised for its osteoinductive properties
What are polymers?
They are synthetic materials that can be degradable or non degradable materials
They can be resorbable
What are the two types of synthetic bone grafts?
Polymers and ceramics
What are the two types of ceramic bone grafts?
Calcium phosphate and calcium sulphates
What are the DePuy Synthes Allografts that are available?
- DBX demineralised Bone Matrix
- CONFORM FLEX
- ViviGen Cellular Bone Matrix
What is the de puy synthes polymer that’s available?
ORTHOMESH Graft containment system
What are the ceramics DePuy offers?
Only calcium phosphate
- Norian drillable
- chronos bone void filler
