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Pathology > Bone Infection, Tumor, Arthritides > Flashcards

Bone Infection, Tumor, Arthritides Flashcards

1
Q

Bacterial infection of bone

A

Osteomyelitis

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2
Q

A piece of necrotic bone (little island of bone)

A

Seqestrum

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3
Q

An abscess in bone that may contain a sequestrum

A

Brodie’s abscess

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4
Q

New bone and fibrous tissue that forms around a sequestrum

A

Involucrum

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5
Q

Chronic osteomyelitis w/excess new bone formation

A

Garre’s sclerosing osteomyelitis

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6
Q

Name some conditions that can predispose patients to chronic osteomyelitis:

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. Immunodeficiency
  3. Long-term use of steroids
  4. RA
  5. Alcoholism
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7
Q

Most common bacteria to cause osteomyelitis?

A

Staph aureus

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8
Q

Most common location in the spine for osteomyelitis?

A

Lumbar spine

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9
Q

In this infection, note the patient has severe back pain, especially at night (which is opposite of how it should be). Destruction of the disc space will also occur.

A

Osteomyelitis

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10
Q

Other causative agents of this infection include joint replacements (and the cements used in this process), sickle cell anemia = salmonella, and Tuberculosis

A

Osteomyelitis

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11
Q

Tuberculosis of the spine

A

Pott’s Disease

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12
Q

This disease displays a unique form of bone destruction as the vertebrae wedge, eventually leading to extreme kyphosis

A

Pott’s disease (TB of the spine)

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13
Q

The three most common types of bone tumors?

A
  1. Osteogenic
  2. Chondrogenic
  3. Fibrogenic
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14
Q

The majority of primary bone tumors are what type?

A

Chondrogenic

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15
Q

Bone-forming tumors are called?

A

Osteogenic

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16
Q

Name the two benign osteogenic tumors

A

Osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma

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17
Q

Is an osteosarcoma benign or malignant?

A

Malignant

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18
Q

Name the three benign chondrogenic tumors:

A
  • enchondroma
  • osteochondroma
  • chondroblastoma
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19
Q

The malignant chondrogenic tumor?

A

Chondrosarcoma

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20
Q

What does PNET stand for?

A

Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors

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21
Q

A malignant PNET which is the 2nd most common malignancy in children, and occurs in young adults as well.

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

22
Q

A benign bone tumor, possibly osteoclast-like cells, which is common in the distal femur and proximal tibia, common age = 20-40

A

Giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)

23
Q

A tumor of B lymphocyte origin in which the B cells mature to malignant “garbage” plasma cells that produce “garbage” antibodies

A

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple myeloma)

24
Q

____ is the most common malignant tumor occurring in bone, but it is not a tumor OF the bone forming cells.

A

Plasma cell myeloma (multiple)

25
Q

The lytic center of the benign osteoid osteoma is termed ____

A

Nidus

26
Q

Name the tumor: benign bone tumor larger than 2cm. Often involves the spine. Painful, but does NOT respond to aspirin.

A

Osteoblastoma

27
Q

Name the tumor: benign, less than 2cm. 75% occur under age 25, more common in males. 50% occur in femur or tibia. DOES respond to aspirin (and NSAIDS).

A

Osteoid osteoma

28
Q

The most common primary malignant tumor of bone

A

Osteosarcoma (osteogenic sarcoma)

29
Q

__% of osteosarcoma’s occur under the age of 20, and males are affected more often than females.

A

75%

30
Q

An osteosarcoma affects what part of long bone 90% of the time?

A

Metaphysis

31
Q

The type of benign cartilage tumor usually occurs in small bones of the hands and feet and usually arises in the medullary of bone. Ollie and Maffucci syndromes are types of this where multiple sites are present.

A

Enchondroma

32
Q

This benign cartilage tumor has a much higher matrix to cell ratio than normal, and the matrix has a GROUND GLASS basophilic appearance due to the arrangement of type II collagen fibers.

A

Enchondroma

33
Q

T/F: Ollier syndrome is typically bilateral

A

False

34
Q

____ account for about 1/3 of benign bone tumors, making them the MOST COMMON benign bone tumor.

A

Osteochondromas

35
Q

This benign bone tumor is characterized by a “stalk” protruding from the metaphysis of long bones (kind of looks like broccoli)

A

Osteochondroma

36
Q

A rare benign tumor presenting as a painful lesion. Typically in younger adults and occurring around the epiphysis of the bones making up the knee.

A

Chondroblastoma

37
Q

The 2nd most frequent primary malignant tumor of bone. Usually occurs after age 40.

A

Chondrosarcoma

38
Q

What is it called when all normal bone components are present, but do not fully mature?

A

Fibrous dysplasia

39
Q

Monostotic fibrous dysplasia (a single bone is affected) occurs in __% of cases

A

70%

40
Q

In this type of fibrous dysplasia, craniofacial, shoulder, and pelvic girdle involvement is common and can result in serious deformity: sheperd’s crook deformity.

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

41
Q

Least common of the fibrous dysplasia syndromes (only 3%). Aka McCune-Albright Syndrome

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia w/endocrine abnormalities

42
Q

The most common clinical presentation of this is precocious (early) sexual maturity which is more common in females (ex: period at age 2). It is also associated with cafe au lait spots

A

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia w/endocrine abnormalities

43
Q

The most common malignancy in bone

A

Metastatic tumors

44
Q

Breast cancer would result in ____ lesions of bone, while prostate cancer would result in ____ lesions

A

Lytic, blastic

45
Q

A group of three proliferative (neoplastic) conditions that result from proliferation of Langerhans cells.

A

Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

46
Q

A single, benign lesion in bone, cured by excision. This is a type of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis.

A

Eosinophilic granuloma

47
Q

Multiple bone lesions including the skull and skin lesions of various types, may regress spontaneously or be treated w/chemotherapy. A type of LCH.

A

Hand-Schuller-Christian Disease

48
Q

The most aggressive form of LCH affecting the skin, multiple organs and bone. Birbeck granules are ultrastructural tennis racket shaped structures present in the neoplastic langerhans cells.

A

Letterer-Siwe Disease

49
Q

Another name for osteoarthritis

A

DJD (Degenerative Joint Disease)

50
Q

Bony outgrowths that develop at the joint margins.

A

Osteophytes

51
Q

T/F: Osteoarthritis has an asymmetric presentation.

A

TRUE

52
Q

If a joint becomes immobile it is termed ___

A

Ankylosis

Pathology (9 decks)

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