Bone Injuries

Question 1

Disease where osteoclasts work faster than osteoblasts

Answer 1

Osteoporosis

Question 2

osteoporosis that is postmenopausal, gonadal hormone deficiency

Answer 2

Primary Type 1

Question 3

osteoporosis that is is senile and later in life

Answer 3

Primary Type 2

Question 4

osteoporosis that occurs due to other conditions or medications

Answer 4

secondary

Question 5

osteoporosis tx (2)

Answer 5

1. WB
2. resistance ex

Stimulates osteoblasts

Question 6

fracture due to pre-existing abnormality or disease (osteoporosis, cancer) occur spontaneously or w/ little stress

Answer 6

pathological fracture

Question 7

fracture associated w/ overuse that occurs in absence of specific trauma

Answer 7

stress fracture

Question 8

fracture parallel to long axis

Answer 8

linear fracture

Question 9

fracture at right angle to long axis

Answer 9

transverse fracture

Question 10

fracture diagonal to long axis

Answer 10

oblique fracture

Question 11

fracture resulting from twisting

Answer 11

spiral fracture

Question 12

fracture when bone fragments driven into each other

Answer 12

compacted fracture

Question 13

fracture w/ more than 2 fragments

Answer 13

comminuted fracture

Question 14

fracture w/ piece of bone worn away by tendon or ligament

Answer 14

avulsion fracture

Question 15

fracture where bone is crushed into small pieces

Answer 15

compression fracture

Question 16

fractures that are more common in children than adults

Answer 16

incomplete

Question 17

fragments of fracture may be shifted in relation to each other. fracture surfaces lose contact

Answer 17

apposition

Question 18

fragments of fracture may be tilted or angulated in relation to each other. May lead to malalignment and deformity of limb

Answer 18

alignment

Question 19

bone looks straight but limb ends up w/ a rotational deformity

Answer 19

rotation

Question 20

fragments may be distracted, separated or overlapped due to mm spasm. Shortening of bone

Answer 20

length

Question 21

4 stages of bone healing

Answer 21

1. inflammation
2. reparative
3. modeling
4. remodeling

Question 22

healing stage w/ hematoma formation around fracture. W/in 8 hours of injury

Answer 22

inflammation stage

Question 23

healing stage w/ proliferating cells (blasts) start to form callus. Fracture unites at this stage. 7-10 days s/p

Answer 23

reparative stage (soft callus)

Question 24

healing stage where soft callus is ossified to become hard callus. Bone disorganized and weak. 6-8 weeks s/p

Answer 24

modeling stage (hard callus)

Question 25

healing stage where hard callus is remodeled into stronger, normal bone. Continuous resorption and formation. Up to 1 year s/p

Answer 25

remodeling stage

Question 26

a decrease in blood flow and perfusion throughout body. Can be life threatening. More common in LE and pelvic fractures

Answer 26

shock

Question 27

fracture tx where distal part of limb is pulled in the line of bone. No skin cut open

Answer 27

closed reduction

Question 28

reasons for internal fixation (3)

Answer 28

1. pathological fractures 2. multiple fractures 3. poor union

Question 29

pelvic fractures are often externally fixated b/c they often cannot be...

Answer 29

controlled by other methods

Question 30

post immobilization tx

Answer 30

1. ROM 2. strength 3. functional activities

Question 31

distal radial fracture from FOOSH

Answer 31

colle's fracture

Question 32

distal radial fracture from falling on flexed hand. reverse colle's

Answer 32

smith's fracture

Question 33

most common carpal fracture occurs at the anatomical snuff box. FOOSH

Answer 33

scaphoid fracture

Question 34

PT tx usually begins...

Answer 34

post fracture healing