bone lecture of lower limb

Question 1

the greater and lesser sciatic notches are separated by what

Answer 1

the ishial spine

Question 2

what type of joint is the sacroiliac joints and why

Answer 2

anteriorly it is synovial
posteriorly it is a fibrous joint due to the interosseuos sacro-iliac ligaments

Question 3

what are the ligaments of the sacroiliac joints

Answer 3

anteriorly it is anterior sacroiliac ligament
dorsally is it the interosseous ligament which is covered by the posterior sacroiliac ligament

Question 4

what type of joint is the pubic symphysis, what are the parts to it and what can make it relax and when

Answer 4

pubic symphasis is a fibrocartilagenous joint with 3 parts, the pubic symphasis, the superior pubic ligament and the inferior pubic ligament.
it can relax due to relaxin hormone which is present in childbirth to help widen the pelvis

Question 5

whats the connection points of the sacrospinous joint

Answer 5

to the more body of the sacrum and ishial spine

Question 6

whats the connection points of the sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 6

the ishial tuberosity and the sacral tuberosities

Question 7

where is the greater sciatic foramen between

Answer 7

posterior inferior iliac spine and the ishial spine

Question 8

where is the lesser sciatic foramen between

Answer 8

ishcial spine and ishial tuberosity

Question 9

from the pelvis what are the 4 gateways to the lower limb

Answer 9

between the inguinal ligament and the pubic bones, the greater sciatic foramen, the lesser sciatic foramen, obturator canal

Question 10

what are the components of the articular surface of the hip joint

Answer 10

theres the lunate surface - the moon shaped surface of the acetabulum, the acetabular labrum is the edge of it.
the transverse acetabular ligament connects around and makes the acetabular canal. acetabular fossa is in the middle of all this

Question 11

what are the components of the articular surface of the head of the femur

Answer 11

the fovea, where the ligament of the head of the femur connects from the acetabular fossa

Question 12

what blood vessel runs in the ligament of the head of the femur

Answer 12

the artery of the head of the femur which comes from the acetabular branch of the obturator artery

Question 13

what are the names of the ligaments of the femur where do they connect

Answer 13

pubofemoral, ishiofemoral, iliofemoral they connect to the acetabulum (labrum) and then posteriorly to the neck of the femur and anteriorly to in the intertrochanteric line

Question 14

whats the blood supply to the head of the femur

Answer 14

Medial circumflex femoral arteries and the lateral circumflex femoral arteries, from the deep femoral artery,
artery to the head of the femur
and the retinacular arteries from the MCFA and LCFA

Question 15

between where does the inguinal ligament run

Answer 15

Between the pubic tubercal and the superior anterior iliac spine is where the inguinal ligament runs

Question 15

between the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanter what do we see posteriorly and anteriorly

Answer 15

Anteriroly we see the interochonteric line between the two. Posteriorly we see the intertrochanteric crest between the two.

Question 16

medially the menisci are more what shape and laterally they are more what, why does this matter

Answer 16

Medially the menisci are more C shaped, laterally they are more closed and round.
Function of menisci, improve bony congruency.
the shapes match the convexity of the anterior femur better thus increasing bony congruency in the extended position of the knee

Question 17

whats the connections of the ACL and PCL

Answer 17

ACL:anterior of tibial intercondylar
eminence to lateral condyle of femur
PCL: posterior of the indercondylar eminence and the medial condyle of the femur

Question 18

attachments of MCL and LCL

Answer 18

LCL: lateral femoral epicondyle to the head of the fibula
MCL medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibia and medial menisci

Question 19

what are the three places where the tibia and fibular are connected

Answer 19

the interosseous membrane, superior and inferior tibiofibular joints

Question 20

function of the interosseous membrane

Answer 20

separate muscle compartments of the leg, provide muscle attachment, holds the bones together

Question 21

names of the tarsals

Answer 21

cuboid, talus, calcaneous, 3 cunieforms, and the navicular

Question 22

what do seisomoid bones do and whats an example

Answer 22

the patella and they act as a pulley for muscles as they create greater ankle. helps extend knee joint

Question 23

whats apart of the ankle joint

Answer 23

the talus, the medial maelleous and the lateral maelleous

Question 24

subtalar joint is made of what

Answer 24

synovial joint made of the talus and calcaneous

Question 25

what does the posterior and anterior talofibular joints connect to

Answer 25

the talus and the fibular

Question 26

what are the three ligaments on the lateral ligaments of the ankle

Answer 26

anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and the calcaneofibular

Question 27

what runs between the sustenticulum tali of the calcaneous and the tuberosity of the navicular bone

Answer 27

the plantar calcaneoavicular ligament

Question 27

what parts are there to the medial ligament of the ankle

Answer 27

anterior and posterior tibiotalar parts, tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal

Question 28

what ligaments support the arches of the foot

Answer 28

short and long plantar ligaments, plantar aponeurosis, spring ligament

Question 29

what attaches to the sustentaculum tali

Answer 29

the flexor hallucius longus