Bone & Muscle

Question 1

What is the basic structure of bone?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is the structural unit of compact bone vs. spongy (cancellous) bone?

Answer 2

compact= osteon

Spongy bone= trabeculae

Question 3

What type of bone formation does not use growth plates?

Answer 3

intramembranous

Question 4

Describe the process of intramembranous ossification?

Answer 4

Question 5

Describe the process of endochondral ossification?

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the different zones of the growth plate?

Answer 6

Question 7

What are two major requirements for proper fxn of the growth plate?

Answer 7

1. need adequate mineralized collagen/cartilage
2. need adequate blood vessel quality (need angiogenesis)

Question 8

Type of Bone?

Answer 8

woven bone

Question 9

Type of Bone?

Answer 9

lamellar bone

Question 10

What are the categories used to classify bone fractures?

Answer 10

Location: which bone & where

Transverse/Oblique/Spiral

Open/closed

Complete/Incomplete

Comminution (brocken into fragments)

Displacement (how has the distal end moved relative to the proximal end?)

OLD ACID

Question 11

What are the four stages of fracture healing?

Answer 11

1. hematoma
2. fibrocartilagenous callus
3. Bony callus
4. Remodeling

Question 12

What stage of fracture healing is shown?

Question 13

What timeframe is this fracture in healing?

Answer 13

7-10d

granulation tissue and bone necrosis

Question 14

What timeframe is this fracture healing?

Answer 14

3 weeks

fibrocartilagenous callus

Question 15

What stage of fracture healing is shown?

Answer 15

bony callus

nearly healed fracture site

Question 16

Describe the SALTER HARRIS fracture classification scheme?

Answer 16

Question 17

DDX?

Breed?

When mostly likely to see it?

Answer 17

craniomandibular osteopathy

Westies & scotties

3-7 mo (stops 11-13mo)

autosomal recessive

Question 18

A dog presents with excessive bone fragility that lead to a fracture. Likely DDX?

Answer 18

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 19

On radiographs, there is increased bone density. Likely DDX?

Answer 19

Osteopetrosis

Question 20

DDX?

Answer 20

Chondrodysplasia

Question 21

Underlying reason why the bone fractured?

Answer 21

Osteoporosis

Question 22

Which is worse? Osteoporosis or osteopenia?

Answer 22

Osteoporosis

osteopenia: decreased numbers of thin trabeculae

Question 23

Periarticular hemorrhage. DDX? Which species are susceptible to this condition?

Answer 23

Scurvy

humans, primates, guinea pigs

Question 24

A dog presents with a flexible jaw. You determine that there has been alot of fibrous CT layed down instead of bone. What is the likely DDX?

Answer 24

Fibrous osteodystrophy d/t hyperPTH

Question 25

Answer 25

Rickets

Question 26

Answer 26

Rickets- Costochondral jxn swellings aka ricketic rosary

Question 27

What should the vet check for?

Answer 27

hypertrophic osteopathy thoracic rads for space occupying mass

Question 28

You observe bony proliferation w/o lysis on the periosteum. Likely DDX?

Answer 28

hypertrophic osteopathy

Question 29

Answer 29

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 30

Answer 30

hypertrophic osteodystrophy

Question 31

A german shepherd presents w/ shifting limb lameness.

Answer 31

panosteitis

Question 32

A young dog presents for lameness

Answer 32

panosteitis

Question 33

A 5 mo old yorkie presents with lameness. DDX?

Answer 33

Legg-Perthes Disease

Question 34

Answer 34

Actinomyces bovis Lumpy jaw= osteomyelitis

Question 35

Where in the bone is osteomyelitis most common and why?

Answer 35

physes b/c blood vessels makes hair pin turn and leads to bacteria getting stuck in the vessel at the physis

Question 36

A foal comes in with a fever and depression. Why would this condition be recurrent?

Answer 36

Likely septicemic E.coli/salmonella osteomyelitis Sequestrum of necrotic bone surrounded by infection causes recurrent infections

Question 37

Answer 37

Salmonella dublin vertebral osteomyelitis

Question 38

What is the structure shown seen with osteomyelitis sometimes?

Answer 38

Sequestrum

Question 39

Answer 39

Atrophic rhinitis Pasteurella multocida and bordetella

Question 40

Answer 40

Osteosarcoma periosteal rxn & thinning of the cortex

Question 41

Answer 41

mutilobular tumor of bone

Question 42

Answer 42

multiple myeloma

Question 43

Answer 43

synovial proliferation

Question 44

Answer 44

eburnation

Question 45

Answer 45

osteophytes

Question 46

Answer 46

inflammatory arthritis

Question 47

Answer 47

OCD

Question 48

Answer 48

synovial cell sarcoma

Question 49

A dachshund presents with acute hindlimb paralysis. DDX?

Answer 49

IVDD type I

Question 50

Answer 50

Ossifying pachymeningitis

Question 51

Answer 51

rowing and internalization of nuclei = muscle damage satellitosis aka rowing of nuclei

Question 52

Answer 52

fragmentation of sarcomplasm

Question 53

Answer 53

C. botulinum toxin

Question 54

Answer 54

Clostridium blackleg

Question 55

Answer 55

trichinella

Question 56

Answer 56

White muscle disease