Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Systemic Pathology > Integument > Flashcards

Integument Flashcards

(132 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are the three proposed pathogenesis for interface dermatitis?

A
  1. Cytotoxic T –cell attack on keratinocytes or melanocytes, or basement membrane components
  2. Non-immune mediated damage-drugs
  3. Unknown
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

moth eaten coat appearance

A

folliculitis/furunculosis

pyoderm (bacterial infection of the follicles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the three most common organisms that colonize follicles causing folliculitis?***

Name two other cause of folliculitis?

A

bacteria

dermatophytes

mites

immune mediate or idiopathic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

hyperpigmentation from chronic inflammation and hypothyroidism (other option idiopathic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Type of acanthosis?

hyperplasia with long, irregular and anastomosing rete ridges extending into the dermis. Cells in this type of hyperplasia are still well differentiated and maintain orientation with the basement membrane

A

Pseudocarcinomatous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two patterns are observed for vesicular/pustular dermatitis?

A

A. intraepidermal (subcorneal or suprabasilar)

B. subepidermal (splits epidermis and dermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A dog/horse present with edema, cutanous hemorrhage, possible infarction, and sloughing of extremities. What skin disease pattern is likely?

A

vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
A

panniculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A

Ichthyosis (marked hyperkeratosis)

SC is sticky and does not exfoliate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is commonly seen with skin atrophy?

A

comedones- plug of follicular SC & dried sebum in hair follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae septic emboli

vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

collections of fluid & inflammatory cells in the epidermis or subepidermal region.

A

Pustule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cells are important components of the skin immune system (SIS)?

A

langerhan cells, keratinocytes, intr-epidermal lymphocytes, and dermal perivascular unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

punch biopsy margins

A

3 cm

place in 10x non-buffered formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
A

Rabies vaccine associated Vasculitis

(fibrinoid degeneration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q
A

Perivascular dermatitis

atopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Type of gland:

sweat glands

sebaceous glands

A

sweat glands- apocrine

sebaceous- holocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

loss of cohesion
between keratinocytes due to
breakdown of cell to cell attachments

A

acantholysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the adnexa?

A

hair follicles; sweat, sebaceous, mammary, accessory glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q
A

Ballooning degeneration

viral cytopathic effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If an animal presents with perivascular dermatitis with eosinophils, it is highly suggestive of what?

A

hypersensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the two sequelae of vasodilation in the skin?

A

erythema (reddening of the skin)

edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe the location of the vesicles below.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the two types of intracellular edema?
**hydropic degeneration**: affects basal layer, keratinocytes contain vacuoles (lichenoid dermatoses, drug eruptions, dermatomyositis) **ballooning degeneration**: swollen eosinophilic keratinocytes in superficial layers of the dermis (viral infection)- can lead to vesicle formation
26
increase in width of stratum granulosum (increase cells with keratohyalin granules)
hypergranulosis
27
Two causes for acantholysis? Common sequelae of acantholysis?
pemphigus (Type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity) neutrophilic enzyme destruction vesicle
28
What are the structures? Why do they form?
pustules from acantholysis pemphigus foliaceus
29
Full or partial thickness necrosis of the epidermis?
full thickness toxic epidermal necrolysis
30
What are the secondary lesions that form to the primary pustule lesion?
crusts
31
Skin disease?
folliculitis/furunculosis demodecosis
32
What is the pathogenesis for nodular to difffuse skin disease?
persisitent Ag stimulation incites cell-mediated response
33
Type of hyperkeratosis?
parakeratotic superficial necrolytic dermatitis
34
skin disease?
pemphigus foliaceus pustules
35
Type of skin disease pattern?
interface dermatitis (bubbles, depigmentation)
36
The dog's nose used to be black.
hypopigmentation- vitiligo (direct damage to melanocytes d/t immunogens on the surface of these cells)
37
Type of acanthosis?
papillated
38
erythema
39
atrophic dermatoses
40
What is the primary epidermal change? Secondary?
vesicle ulcer (immune-mediated epidermal-dermal separation)
41
List the 5 follicular changes that can occur?
hyperkeratosis folliculitis furunculosis (rupture of follicle) dysplasia (blue/fawn animals) atrophy
42
Name for this skin appearance? Type of infection commonly associated?
lichenification (thickening of the skin and accentuation of the skin creases d/t acenthosis) yeast infection
43
Hydropic degeneration and apoptosis in basal layer of epidermis accompanied by a diffuse band of lymphocytes, plasma cells, +/- macrophages at the dermal: epidermal junction. Pigmentary incontinence and +/- thickening of the basement membrane. May see clefts or vesicles at the dermal: epidermal junction. Further divided into cell-poor and cell-rich lichenoid dermatoses.
interface dermatitis
44
mild or severe vasculitis?
mild (alopecia and atrophy)
45
mild or severe vasculitis?
severe (cuntaneous infarction and ulceration/sloughing)
46
Interface Dermatitis lymphoplasmacytic Discoid lupus (immune attack keratinocytes, thick band of cells at D-E jxn)
47
What condition results in interface dermatitis that is cell poor and is associated with vasculopathy-ischemia?
familiar canine dermatomyositis
48
Pathogenesis for vesicle/pustule formation
1. Enzymatic destruction 2. Immune destruction- acantholysis or other 3. Mechanical destruction – burn, friction 4. Genetic structural defects 5. Marked spongiosis, hydropic or ballooning degeneration
49
Skin Disease?
nodular to diffuse dermatitis
50
Major functions of the skin?
1. Temp & and blood pressure regulation 2. Fluid regulation 3. Protection- barrier to the outside world 4. Sensation 5. Nutrient metabolism 6. Immune functions: SIS
51
Conditions associated with nodular to diffuse skin disease
52
folliculitis/furunculosis
53
Name the structure? location?
subcorneal pustule
54
hydropic degeneration (intracellular edema) often immune mediated, blister formation
55
Feline Herpesvirus dermatitis ballooning degeneration of keratinocytes
56
What are the layers of the skin from most superficial to deep?
stratum corneum (stratum lucidum- only present in non-haired skin) Stratum granulosum-dying stratum spinosum-polyhedral shape, intracell-bridges stratum basale Basement membrane
57
Most likely cause of a focal atrophic dermatoses?
ischemia
58
Name the 2 locations of folliculitis in the follicle and likely types of infections associated with each.
luminal- bacterial, fungal, parasitic mural- hypersensitivity (eosinophilic)
59
atrophic dermatoses
60
List the general dermal changes
1. dermatitis 2. edema 3. fibrosis 4. collagen degeneration/lysis 5. collagen mineralization 6. collagen atrophy 7. collagen dysplasia 8. elastin changes 9. mucinosis
61
Type of skin disease?
perivascular dermatitis (aggregates of inflammatory cells around vessels)
62
atypical mycobacteria- nocardia (acid-fast) panniculitis
63
What is the general term used to describe what is seen in the picture? Condition?
hyperkeratosis superficial necrolytic dermatitis
64
lesions are most representative of the underlying etiology and most useful for evaluation by the clinician and pathologist.
Primary
65
Type of acanthosis?
irregular (uneven sized rete ridges)
66
deep ulcers
pemphigus vulgaris suprabasilar vesicles
67
What is the difference between a vesicle and bulla?
vesicle \< 1 cm bulla \> 1 cm
68
Difference between intercellular and intracellular epidermal edema?
intercellular= spongiosis (fluid accumulation between cells that widens the spaces between cells) intracellular: fluid accumulation within the cells
69
Type of acanthosis?
regular (even rete ridges)
70
nodular to diffuse dermatitis habronemiasis
71
Atrophic dermatoses are characterized by what?
comedones telangiectasia hyperpigmentation thin skin hypotrichosis (less hair) (may or may not see inflammtion) Epidermal and follicular atrophy with hyperkeratosis Sebaceous gland atrophy
72
sloughing/ulceration of skin d/t vasculitis
73
What are the pathogenic mechanisms for vesicular/pustular dermatitis?
Enzymatic destruction Immune destruction Mechanical destruction – burn, friction Genetic structural defects Marked spongiosis, hydropic or ballooning degeneration
74
Calcinosis cutis (body tries to get rid of Ca through follicles)
75
Types of folliculitis?
76
What are the five cellular infiltrates in skin and what do they indicate?
1. NT- active inflammation 2. eosinophils- ectoparasites/allergies 3. mononuclear phagocytes- pesistent antigen in tissue 4. lymphocytes/plasma cells- local/systemic Ag stimulation (chronic bacterial dermatitis) 5. mast cells-resident cells, hypersensitivity
77
What are the two types of hyperkeratosis and what is the difference?
**orthokeratotic**: buildup of excess keratin after normal cornification has occurred (anuclear) **parakeratotic**: thickening of stratum corneum w/ **rentention of nuclei**
78
What are the three types of pustules?
neutrophilic: bacterial & autoimmune eosinophilic: parasites, allergic Pautrier's microabcesses: epitheliotropic cutaneous lymphoma (mycosis fungoides)
79
Type of hyperkeratosis
orthokeratotic
80
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis Describe the epidermal changes?
hyperplasia aka acanthosis edema hyperkeratosis- parakeratosis
81
epidermal hyperplasia - thickening due to increased numbers of nucleated cells in the epidermis
acanthosis
82
Irregular acanthosis
83
What are the 8 basic patterns of non-neoplastic skin disease?
1. perivascular 2. interface dermatitis 3. vasculitis 4. nodular/diffuse granulomatous 5. vesicular or pustular 6. folliculitis, furunculosis, sebaceous adenitis 7. panniculitis 8. atrophic dermatitis
84
interface dermatitis lymphohistiocytic Uveodermatologic (VKH) syndrome (immune attack on skin nasal planum and eye)
85
Structure? Cause?
Pautrier’s Microabscess Mycosis Fungoides
86
urticaria
87
premature keratinization of cells in the epidermis often accompanied by what type of hyperkeratosis?
dyskeratosis parakeratosis
88
Type of skin disease with dermis +/- panniculus have nodules, sheets, or diffuse infiltrates of inflammatory cells (granulomatous/pyogranulomatous)
nodular to diffuse
89
Skin disease?
subepidermal vesicle d/t burn
90
atrophic dermatoses comedones (blockes follicles)
91
rounded up cells, hypereosinophilic, nuclear degeneration
dyskeratosis
92
Epidermal change? Common disease associated?
cutaneous atrophy Cushing's disease
93
Conditions associated with panniculitis?
94
skin disease pattern? Condition?
perivascular dermatitis culicoides hypersensitivity (biting midges)
95
What type of acanthosis is the most common?
irregular
96
What is the difference between angioedema and urticaria (types of edema in the dermis)?
BOTH = HIVES angioedema- not well circumscribed area, edema involved dermis & SQ urticaria- well cirumscirbed area, dermal edema
97
Skin Disease?
nodular to diffuse dermatitis
98
Sequelae of vasculitis? What type of hypersensitivity often results in vasculitis?
thrombosis, ischemia, edema, hemorrhage, atrophy Type III (immune complex)
99
Describe the stages of hair cycle?
1. anagen- growing (shedding) 2. catagen- no cell proliferation, transitional stage 3. telogen- resting phase
100
Characteristics of interface dermatitis
1. Hydropic degeneration/apoptosis in basal layer 2. Band of lymphs, plasma cells, macs at the epidermal/dermal junction 3. Pigmentary incontinence 4. +/- Vesicles at interface
101
With vasculitis, where do you want to look for lesions?
Extremities, pinna, tail, feet
102
What is the dermis primarily made up of? (hint: two components)
collagen & elastin in a GAG substance
103
Epidermal change?
skin atrophy
104
leukoderma leukotrichia
decreased pigmentation of skin hair
105
When is edema of the dermis observed? What are the two types?
Type I hypersensitivity rxns (immune) non-immune: heat, cold, sunlight angioedema & urticaria
106
increases of GAG that trap water leading to myxedema & separation of collagen bundles in the dermis
mucinosis
107
atrophic dermatoses
108
panniculitis
109
General epidermal change? Condition?
apoptosis (individual cell necrosis) erythema multiforme
110
What conditions are associated with subcorneal, suprabasilar, and subepidermal vesicles/pustules?
``` 1. Subcorneal – superficial pyoderma, pemphigus foliaceus (PMN & EOS) ``` 2. Suprabasilar – pemphigus vulgaris 3. Subepidermal – bullous pemphigoid, SLE (severe lihenoid dermatoses), TEN, burns, EB (epidermal lysis bullosis)
111
In what condition in cats is collagen atrophy observes where the skin will slough off?
Cushing's
112
Name two common changes in the SQ?
panniculitis fat necrosis
113
Three types of collagen mineralization?
dystrophic (calcinosis cutis) metastatic (Vit D/Ca/P imbalance) idiopathic
114
Follicle surrounded by inflammatory cells acantholysis in bottom picture with fungus folliculitis/furunculosis
115
most common type of skin disease pattern? In general it suggests a ....
perivascular dermatitis hypersensitivity
116
Skin Disease?
nodular to diffuse Dematiaceus fungi – nodule from a horse- traumatic implantation
117
What is the gross and histo characteristics of panniculitis (inflammation of SQ fat)?
Histologically – inflammation of the subcutis – nodular to diffuse Grossly – papules and nodules that drain, oliy exudate
118
This dog has hyperkeratosis. You would describe it as (aka signs of scaling, crusting, greasiness)?
seborrhea
119
This pitbull is showing signs of actinic dermatitis d/t solar damage. What type of epidermal abnormalitiy will likely be observed on histo?
dyskeratosis dysplasia
120
Skin Disease?
bulla
121
intercellular edema (spongiosis)
122
cutaneous atrophy in cat with Cushing's
123
acantholysis
124
loss of melanin from the basal region of the epidermis d/t basal cell damage
pigmentary incontinence
125
A dog presents with multiple papules, nodules that ulcerated and drained. The local l.n. are inflammed. Skin disease pattern?
nodular to diffuse
126
increased thickness of stratum corneum
hyperkeratosis
127
Condition? General epidermal change?
erythema multiforme apoptosis
128
subcorneal pustular dermatitis d/t acantholysis PF
129
What are the three main pathogenenic mechanisms for vaculitis and associated conditions?
1. Type III (immune complex)- SLE 2. Primary bacterial skin dz 3. Bacterial septicemia (Erysipelothrix) or systemic infection w/ epithiotrophic agents (Rickettsii= RMSF)
130
Two most common causes of atrophic dermatoses?
**Hormonal imbalance** • Hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, sex hormone imbalance **Ischemia** – if focal
131
Form of hyperpigmentation in focal areas d/t melanocyte hyperplasia in orange,cream, tricolored cats (rare in dog).
lentigines
132
surface collections of plasma leukocytes and often sequelae to vesicle,s bulla, or pustules
crusts

Systemic Pathology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions