Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal > Bone Tissue > Flashcards

Bone Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

what is bone?

A

organ made up of several tissues (bone, cartilage, connective adipose and nervous tissues)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Functions of the Skeletal System

A

-Provides support
-Protects organs
-assists body movements
-mineral homeostasis
-blood cell production
-stores triglycerides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where are triglycerides stored in bone?

A

the adipose cells of yellow marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the structures of a long bone?

A

diaphysis
2 epiphyses
2 metaphyses
articular cartilage
periosteum
medullary cavity
endosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the diaphysis?

A

BONE SHAFT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 2 epiphyses?

A

both ends of the bone at the joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 2 metaphyses

A

region between diaphysis and epiphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what does the articular cartilage cover?

A

both epiphyses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the periosteum?

A

connective tissue surrounding the diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the medullary cavity

A

Hollow space within diaphysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the endosteum?

A

thin membrane lining the medullary cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the extracellular matrix consist of?

A

15% water
30% collagen
55% crystallized mineral salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What makes up hydroxyapatite?

A

mineral salts
calcium phosphate
calcium hydroxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 types of cells in bones

A

osteoprogenitor cells
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are osteoprogenitor cells?

A

bone stem cells able to differentiate into other types of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are osteoblasts

A

bone building cells that secrete matrix, initiates calcification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are osteocytes?

A

mature bone cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are osteoclasts?

A

remodel bones and cause them to release calcium, bone resoption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what does compact bone do?

A

provides protection and support, strongest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is spongy bone?

A

lightweight and provides tissue support, AKA trabecular or cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do periostea arteries enter the diaphysis?

A

the volkmanns canals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is ossification?

A

process of bone formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 4 situations bones form

A

-during embryological and fetal development
-when bones grown before adulthood
-when bones remodel
-when fractures heal

24
Q

what are the 2 types of ossification?

A

intramembranous
endochondral

25
Q

where does intramembranous ossification occur?

A

in flat bones when a connective tissue membrane is replaced by bone

26
Q

what is replaced in developing embryo and fetus?

A

Endochondral ossification replaces cartilage

27
Q

where does endochondral ossification occur?

A

in epiphyseal plates of long bones with they grow in length

28
Q

what makes bones thicken?

A

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

29
Q

what are factors the affect bone growth and remodeling?

A

minerals
vitamins
hormones

30
Q

what are the steps in bone healing?

A

reactive phase
reparative phase
bone remodeling phase

31
Q

what are the 2 steps in the reparative phase?

A

formation of fibrocartilaginous callus
bony callus

32
Q

what is calcium and phosphorus factor in bone growth

A

make bone extracellular matrix hard

33
Q

what is magnesiums factor in bone growth?

A

helps form bone extracellular matrix

34
Q

what is fluorides factor in bone growth?

A

helps strengthen bone extracellular matrix

35
Q

what is manganese factor in bone growth?

A

Activates enzymes involved in synthesis of bone extracellular matrix

36
Q

what is Vitamin A factor in bone growth?

A

needed for osteoblasts, deficiency stunts bone growth

37
Q

What is vitamin C factor in bone growth?

A

Needed for synthesis of collagen, deficiency leads to decreased collagen slowed bone growth and repair

38
Q

What is vitamin D factor in bone growth

A

helps with calcium absorption, deficiency causes faulty calcification and slows bone growth.

39
Q

what is Vitamin K and B12 factor in bone growth?

A

Needed for synthesis of bone proteins, deficiency leads to abnormal protein production in bone extracellular matrix and decrease bone density

40
Q

what is growth hormones factor in bone growth?

A

promotes general growth of all body tissues, mainly by stimulating production of insulin-like growth factors.

41
Q

what is growth hormone secreted from?

A

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

42
Q

What is Insulin-Like growth factors function in bone growth?

A

promotes normal bone growth by stimulation osteoblasts and by increasing the synthesis of proteins needed to build new ones

43
Q

what are thyroid hormones factor in bone growth?

A

Promote normal bone growth by stimulating osteoblasts

44
Q

where is insulin-like growth factors secreted from?

A

liver, bones and other tissues

45
Q

What is insulins factor in bone growth?

A

promotes normal bone growth by increasing synthesis of bone proteins

46
Q

what is Parathyroid hormones factor in bone growth?

A

promotes bone resorption by osteoclasts, enhances recovery of calcium ions from urine and promotes formation of the active form of vitamin D

47
Q

what is calcitonins factor in bone growth?

A

inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts

48
Q

what is osteoporosis

A

when bone resorption outpaces formation

49
Q

what is rickets and osteomalacia

A

inadequate calcification of extracellular bone matrix,

50
Q

what does Ricketts affect?

A

affects children, leads to bow legs deformed skull ribs pelvis

51
Q

What does Osteomalacia affect?

A

adults and causes painful/tender bones and fractures with minor trauma

52
Q

what is osteoarthritis?

A

degeneration of articular cartilage, leads to friction of bone on bone

53
Q

What is Osteomyelitis

A

infection of bone

54
Q

what is osteopenia

A

reduced bone mass below normal

55
Q

where does hematopoiesis happen?

A

in the red marrow

Anatomy & Physiology Skeletal (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions