Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm 204 > BONES > Flashcards

BONES Flashcards

1
Q

Yellow marrow

A

made of adipocytes can be used as energy stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cortical bone

A

80% of bone 20% of remodelling
dense structural bone type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

osteon

A

found in cortical bone
makes concentric layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

central Haversian canal

A

founding cortical bone, BV, nerves, fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Volkmann canals

A

found in cortical bone, transverse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

canaliculi

A

found in cortical bone, links osteocytes lunicae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Trabecular bone

A

20% of bone 80% of remodelling
remodels from mechanical loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is bone made of

A

hydroxyapatite crystals
10:6 Ca:PO4 (matrix)
Collagen fibers (type 1)
increase tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Osteoblasts

A

immature bone cells
formed from mesenchymal cells
produce osteoid to do osteogenesis
close themselves in and become osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells

A

Stem cells that sit on inner layer of periosteum and project to endosperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

osteoclasts

A

Multinucleated cells (50-150)
formed by fusion of recruited monocyte/macrophage
secrete acids for resorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ARRF

A

bone remodelling
Activation- resorption- reversal- formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Bone development from fibrous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

bone forms from cartilage scaffold called anlage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spicules

A

specific voids in intramembranous bone from BV envelopment by osteoblast activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intramembranous bones

A

Clavicle, mandible, skull/face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Chondrocytes

A

form cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

perichondria cells

A

form the periosteum in endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

endochondral ossification

A

starts in the cartilage anlage when cells enlarge and grow outward, then die and are replaced by osteoblasts forming and primary ossification centre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

secondary ossification center

A

found in the epiphysis also replacing cartilage with bone, extends bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Epiphyseal growth plate

A

Gap of chondrocytes between primary and secondary ossification centres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

from the closure of the gap once growing is done

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

articular cartilage

A

cartilage at the end of bone as a cap

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

appositional growth

A

Periosteum layer keeps growing outwards using circumferential lamellae while forming osteons around BV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Bone BV
Nutrient artery metaphyseal epiphyseal periosteal
26
Nutrient artery
Enters the diaphysis and branches towards epiphysis enters at nutrient foramen
27
Medullary cavity
within long bones contains BV and nerves
28
Metaphyseal BV
Supplies the diaphysial side of epiphysis
29
Epiphyseal BV
supplies cavities of epiphysis
30
Periosteal BV
supplies the superficial osteons
31
Vit A/C on bones
A stimulates osteoblasts C is needed for collagen formation and osteoblast differentiation
32
Calcitriol (Vit D)
Causes Ca and PO4 absorption
33
PTH on bones
Stimulates osteroclasts (indirect) Stimulates osteoblasts over all increases Ca in blood
34
Calcitonin on bones
inhibits osteoclasts
35
thyroxine on bones
maintains normal epiphyseal growth
36
GH on bones
maintains regular growth
37
androgens on bones
Both stimulate osteoblast activity, this is faster than epiphyseal cartilage growth leading to closure
38
Sutrual bones
Bones found in-between skull bones from other ossification centres
39
Pneumatized Bones
Hollow or contain many air pockets (ethmoid bone)
40
Short bones
Boxlike bones, many round in wrists
41
Irregular bones
Bones with many processes and angles (vertebrae)
42
Flat bones
large and flat, have thick layers of dense bone
43
Long bones
Long bones
44
Sesamoid bones
small, round and flat, usually not connected to other bone, within ligaments or tendons
45
Ramus
extension of bone that forms a angle with the rest of the bone
46
foramen
rounded passageway for BV, nerves
47
sulcus
narrow groove
48
tuberosity
rough projection (ligament connection point)
49
Tubercule
small rounded projection
50
condyle
smooth rounded articular process
51
axial skeleton
80 bones (skull, ear, hyoid, vertebrae, ribs)
52
Appendicular skeleton
126 bones (limbs, pelvis, pectorals)
53
Maxillae
paired, forms hard mouth plate and lower medial side of eye
54
zygomatic bone
paired, forms lateral side of eye
55
occipital bone
Foramen magnum (spine) Occipital condyles (articulates with atlas)
56
Parietal bone
Paired and joined in middle
57
Frontal bone
just one forms top of eyes and intersects nasal bones
58
Temporal bone
Paired
59
Sphenoid
one bone that forms back of eye sockets has sella turcica for pituitary
60
Ethmoid
Cuboid in shape Perpendicular plate forms nasal septum(with vomer) and nasal conchae (middle and superior) with lots of sinuses.
61
Hyoid bone
in neck, suspended by stylohyoid ligaments
62
Lamboid suture
occipital and parietal bones
63
Sagittal suture
between two parietal bones
64
coronal suture
Frontal bone and two parietal
65
Squamous suture
temporal and parietal
66
Frontonasal suture
nasal bones and frontal bone
67
Vomer
small bone in the middle of the nose
68
Lacrimal bones
Forms the medial side of orbits and nose
69
Palatine bones
Make up roof of mouth after the maxilla stop
70
Nasal bones
Two bones that form the bridge of the nose
71
Inferior nasal conchae bones
Make up the inferior conchae
72
Paranasal sinuses
Frontal (2) sphenoidal (2) maxillary (2) ethmoid (6)
73
Fontanelles
membranous areas that bones will develop in skull
74
anterior fontanelle
Top of head between frontal and parietal
75
Posterior fontanelle
Between parietal and occipital
76
Sphenoidal fontanelles
TemplesM
77
Mastoid fontanelles
partial, temporal, occipital
78
Curves of the spine
Cervical thoracic lumbar sacral Makes an S
79
Atlas bone
Does not have a body allows for Yes movement has the largest foramen
80
Axis bone
Articulates with atlas with Dens and transverse ligament for NO movement
81
Sacrum
formed from 5 fused vertebrae
82
Coccyx
3-5 fused vertebrae male points forwards females point backwards
83
True ribs/ vertebrosternal
1-7 attached to spine and sternum
84
vertebrochondral ribs
8-10 attached to spine but just cartilage in front
85
Floating ribs/vertebral
11-12 no anterior connection
86
Sternum
Manubrium (circle at top) jugular notch for trachea Body Xiphoid process
87
Glenoid cavity
Socket for the humerus in the pectoral girdle
88
Coracoid process (crows beak)
on the front of the pectoral is attachment point for ligaments
89
acromion
on the back of the pectoral girdle articulates with clavicle
90
Proximal humerus structures
surgical neck (on main bone) Anatomical neck (on tubercle head)
91
Distal humerus structures
Capitulum (raduis connect) Trochlea (ulna connect)
92
Ulna proximal structures
Olecranon (elbow) coronoid process (other side of articulate for humorous.
93
ulna distal structures
ulna styloid process (little post) head
94
Radius proximal structures
head radial tuberosity
95
Radius distal structures
radial styloid process (anchors the wrist)
96
Wrist bones
Pisiform triquetrum lunate scaphoid trapezium trapezoid capitate hamate
97
Wrist bone pneumonic
Planet, typhym, losses, six, thousand, tons, consistently, hella bad
98
Hip bones
called coxal bone made of three parts ilium, ischium, pubis
99
Pelvic inlet/outlet
inlet in biggest point between opening Outlet is smallest point between lower part
100
Femur proximal structures
Fovea capitis (pit in head that provides ligament spaces)
101
Femur distal structures
medial/ lateral condyle
102
fabella
small sesamoid bones that form in ligaments
103
Tibia distal structures
medial malleolus (ankle bump)
104
Tarsal bones
Calcaneus talus navicular cuboid medial, intermediate, lateral cuneiform
105
Fibula distal structures
lateral malleolus (ankle bump)
106
liking little picky eaters

Pharm 204 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions