CNS and Brain

Question 1

Medulla oblongata main function

Answer 1

-Regulates Homeostasis
-Relays information to the thalamus

Question 2

Pons main function

Answer 2

Bridge connecting cerebellum to the brainstem

Question 3

Mesencephalon main function

Answer 3

(Midbrain)
-Processing visual and auditory data
-Maintains consciousness
-Reflexive reactions

Question 4

Diencephalon

Answer 4

Contains other important centres like Epithalamus, Thalamus, hypothalamus

Question 5

Epithalamus main function

Answer 5

Part of the diencephalon, contains hormone pineal gland, Produces melatonin

Question 6

Pineal gland

Answer 6

hormone gland within the epithalamus

Question 7

Thalamus main function

Answer 7

Part of the diencephalon Relays information to cerebrum for processing

Question 8

Hypothalamus main function

Answer 8

Part of the diencephalon involves emotions, self regulation and contains the pituitary gland

Question 9

Cerebellum main function

Answer 9

Contains two hemispheres
-Coordination of muscle movements

Question 10

Cerebrum main function

Answer 10

Part of the telencephalon
-contains conscious thought
-memory

Question 11

Cerebrum structure

Answer 11

-Two hemispheres separated by longitudinal fissure
-contains sulci (groves)
-contains Gyri (ridges)

Question 12

Order of matter in the brain

Answer 12

the cerebrum and cerebellum have similar structures of grey matter covering inner white matter

Question 13

Septum pellucidum

Answer 13

partition that separates the two lateral ventricles (1 and 2)

Question 14

3rd Ventricle location

Answer 14

In the diencephalon (middle of brain)

Question 15

4th ventricle location

Answer 15

Between pons and cerebellum (wide and flat)

Question 16

inter ventricular foramen

Answer 16

Connection between the lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle (same on each side)

Question 17

Cerebral aqueduct

Answer 17

connection between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

Question 18

anterior horn location

Answer 18

extends to frontal lobe

Question 19

Posterior horn location

Answer 19

projects back into occipital lobe

Question 20

Inferior horn location

Answer 20

extends to the temporal lobe

Question 21

Ventricle lining

Answer 21

Ependymal cells

Question 22

Meninges

Answer 22

Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater

Question 23

Dura mater structure

Answer 23

Outermost layer next to bone
-contains Dural sinus formed by periosteal and meningeal cranial dura

Question 24

periosteal cranial dura

Answer 24

Part of dura mater that forms outer layer of dural sinus

Question 25

Meningeal cranial dura

Answer 25

part of dura mater that forms the inner layer of dural sinus

Question 26

Dural sinuses

Answer 26

large veins contained within the dura mater

Question 27

Falx cerebri

Answer 27

Dura mater that extends to longitudinal fissure and contains superior sagittal and inferior sagittal sinus (along the midline)

Question 28

superior/ inferior sagittal sinus

Answer 28

Veins formed by dura mater falx cerebri within the longitudinal fissure

Question 29

Tentorium cerebelli

Answer 29

Dura mater that separates the cerebrum from cerebellum and forms transverse sinus

Question 30

Falx cerebelli

Answer 30

dura mater within the cerebellum to separate hemispheres contains occipital sinus

Question 31

Diaphragma sellae

Answer 31

dura mater the contains pituitary gland and anchors to sphenoid bone

Question 32

sphenoid bone

Answer 32

attachment point for diaphragm sellae dura mater

Question 33

Dural venous sinuses

Answer 33

Contain blood and drain into jugular veins

Question 34

Arachnoid mater main structure

Answer 34

Second layer that contains subdural space -contains arachnoid granulations which drain CSF into veins

Question 35

arachnoid granulations

Answer 35

projections into the dural sinuses to drain CSF

Question 36

subarachnoid space

Answer 36

deeper and larger than the subdural space functions as structure for blood vessels

Question 37

Pia mater

Answer 37

attached to surface of brain held by astrocytes, is the closest covering

Question 38

hypothalamus BBB

Answer 38

has increased permeability for hormone release

Question 39

Pineal gland BBB

Answer 39

Has increased permeability for hormone glandular secretions (melatonin)

Question 40

Choroid Plexus BBB

Answer 40

Capillaries have no tight junctions -Ependymal cells form a Blood-CSF barrier

Question 41

Posterior pituitary BBB

Answer 41

increased permeability for hormone secretion

Question 42

CSF function`

Answer 42

-Provides spacial buffer -Transports nutrients to and from CNS cells

Question 43

CSF make up

Answer 43

plasma with few cells and proteins

Question 44

CSF production

Answer 44

Made by ependymal cells of choroid plexus

Question 45

choroid plexus ependymal cells

Answer 45

produce CSF and process and clean existing CSF

Question 46

Choroid plexus location

Answer 46

each ventricle has one but large ones in roof of 3rd and 4th

Question 47

Lateral aperture

Answer 47

Opening in the 4th ventricle to drain CSF to subarachnoid space

Question 48

Median aperture

Answer 48

Opening in the 4th ventricle to drain CSF to subarachnoid space

Question 49

Interthalamic adhesion

Answer 49

connects left and right of thalamus