bones

Question 1

ulna

Answer 1

• borders: anterior, posterios, interosseous
• surfaces: anterior, medial, posterior
• olecranon, trochlear notch, coronoid process
• ulnar tuberosity
• radial notch
• styloid process

Question 2

radius

Answer 2

• borders: anterior, posterior, interosseous
• surfaces: anterior, posterior, lateral
• head, neck, tuberosity
• styloid process
• ulnar notch

Question 3

femur

Answer 3

• head, neck fovea
• Greater and lesser trochanter, intertrochanteric line, intertrochanteric ridge, trochanteric fossa
• pectineal line, gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera
• adductor tubercle
• lateral and medial epicondyle
• lateral and medial condyle
• patellar surface
• intercondylar fossa
• lateral and medial supracondylar ridge
• popliteal surface
• nutrient foramen
• quadrate line

Question 4

tibia

Answer 4

• borders: anterior, medial, interosseous
• surfaces: medial, lateral, posterior
• tibial plateau
• medial and lateral condyles
• tibial tuberosity
• soleal line
• medial malleolus
• tubercle of iliotibial tract, oblique line
• groove for semimebranous tendon below medial condyle
• nutrient foramen
• fibular notch
• groove for tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus

Question 5

fibula

Answer 5

• borders: anterior, posterior, medial
• surfaces: medial, lateral, posterior
• apex,head,neck
• lateral malleolus, malleolar fossa
• medial crest

Question 6

vertebral column

Answer 6

• typical: body, arch, pedicles, laminae, vertebral foramen
• 33 vertebrae: 7,12,5,5,4
• primary curves (kyphosis) and secondary curves (lordosis)

Question 7

cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

• C1: ring, two lateral masses w superior articular facets, anterior arch with tubercle posteriorly with concave facet for dens, posterior arch and tubercle
• C2: body as dens
• C2-C6: bifid
• C7: prominens: foraminous knob

Question 8

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 8

• larger body for weight
• smaller foramen
• longer transverse and spinous processes
• 6 additional costal facets (except T1)

Question 9

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 9

• large and strong body, smaller foramen
• accessory and mammillary processes

Question 10

sacrum

Answer 10

• base
• ala
• sacral promotory
• anterior and posterior sacral foramina
• transverse line
• apex
• sacal hiatus
• coccygeal and sacral cornu
• transverse process
• median and lateral sacral crest
• articular surface
  -sacral canal

Question 11

sternum

Answer 11

• jugular notch
• clavicular notch
• manubrium,body,xiphoid process
• sternal angle: manubriosternal joint)
• transverse ridge
• xiphisternal joint

Question 12

first rib

Answer 12

• short and flat
• head with small round facet for T1
• scalene tubercle: posterior groove for subclavian artery and anterior for vein
• inferior surface is smoother
• no angle

Question 13

typical rib

Answer 13

• head: two facets separated by transverse crest to articulate with body of vertebra
• neck
• tubercle to articulate with TS process
• angle
• costal groove: inferior border
• anterior end with depression for cartilage

Question 14

floating ribs

Answer 14

• 11-12 have one large articular facet on head, no neck and no tubercle

Question 15

clavicle

Answer 15

• superior surface: smoother
• sternal end
• acromial end: flatter acromial facet
• trapezoid line (trapezoid ligament from costoclavicular)
• conoid tubercle (conoid ligament)
• subclavian groove: 2 vessels and a muscle
• impression for costoclavicular ligament