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Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

all bone starts out as what before converting to hard bone

A

fibrous connective tissue

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2
Q

layer of tissue covering the superficial part of the cartilage

A

perichondrium

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3
Q

what is pericondrium made of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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4
Q

where does blood go thru in cartilage

A

perichondrium

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5
Q

are there nerve in cartilage

A

no

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6
Q

most abundant cartilage

A

hyaline

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7
Q

what is the cartilage on the ends of bone made of

A

hyaline

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8
Q

menisci in the knee and the vertebrae are made of this type of cartilage

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

growth from the perichondrium

A

appositional growth

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10
Q

chondrocytes themselves are producing new tissue

A

interstitial growth

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11
Q

skull and vertebrae

A

axial skeleton

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12
Q

protective supportive structure

A

axial skeleton

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13
Q

locomotion and movement

A

appendicular skeleton

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14
Q

all limb bone are long bones except….

A

wrist, ankle, or kneecap

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15
Q

what is yellow bone marrow made of

A

adipose tissue

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16
Q

what is stored in the center of the diaphysis

A

fat

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17
Q

where does growth of bones occur

A

epiphyseal line

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18
Q

membrane that surrounds the cartilage

A

perichondrium

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19
Q

what is the periosteum made of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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20
Q

outer layer of periosteum is what

A

protective

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21
Q

inner layer of periosteum is what

A

osteogenic…producing bone

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22
Q

what can the endosteum do

A

produce bone

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23
Q

arranged in a haversian system

A

compact bone

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24
Q

made up of trabeculae

A

spongy bone

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25
Q

contains red marrow

A

cavity of spongy bone

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26
Q

where does blood cell production occur in spongy bone

A

red bone marrow

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27
Q

bones that form within a tendon

A

sesamoid bone

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28
Q

the sternum, scapula, and skull are this type of bone

A

flat bone

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29
Q

how do bones function in support

A

supporting internal organs

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30
Q

how do bones function in protection

A

skull protecting our brain. vertebrae protecting the spinal cord

31
Q

how do bones provide movement

A

skeletal muscles attaching to bone

32
Q

how do bones function in mineral storage

A

Ca and P stored in bone

33
Q

how do bones function in hematopoeis

A

production of blood cells

34
Q

allows blood vessels and nerves to move thru

A

haversion canasl

35
Q

connect the blood supply of the medullary cavity to the haverisan canals

A

Volkmann’s canals

36
Q

where are osteocytes located in bone

A

lacunae

37
Q

organic components of bone

A

cells and osteoid (matrix)

38
Q

inorganic components of bone

A

hydroxyapatites

39
Q

what are hydroxyapatites

A

mineral salt that make up most of bone

40
Q

what is in the osteoid

A

proteoglycan, collagen, and glycoproteins

41
Q

where does intramembranous ossification occur

A

within membrane of dense irregular connective tissue

42
Q

where does endochondral ossification occur

A

within hyaline cartilage

43
Q

which ossification process in anerobic

A

endochondral

44
Q

in the growth of width, where are the osteoblasts located.

A

the periosteum

45
Q

in the growth of width where are the osteoclasts located that enlarge the marrow cavity

A

endosteum

46
Q

matrix without minerals

A

osteoid seam

47
Q

what activates osteoclasts in bone resorption

A

t lymphocytes (secrete enzymes that digest matrix)

48
Q

3 factors controlling bone growth

A

diet, vitamins, and hormones

49
Q

what do you need in your diet for bone growth to occur

A

p and ca

50
Q

when blood ca levels are low, what is released?

A

PTH

51
Q

when blood ca levels are high what is released

A

calcitonin

52
Q

fracture that does not go all the way thru

A

partial

53
Q

fracture that is broken into two separate pieces

A

complete

54
Q

fracture where the break is in the bone but hasn’t been exposed to the skin

A

simple (closed)

55
Q

fracture that goes thru the skin

A

compound (open)

56
Q

fracture that is out of line

A

displaced

57
Q

fracture where the bone get splintered at the site of the break

A

comminuted

58
Q

fracture where the bone is twisted

A

sprial

59
Q

fracture common in children

A

greenstick

60
Q

fracture where there is bending on one side and the other side is broken

A

greenstick

61
Q

fracture where one part of the bone is driven into the other part

A

impacted

62
Q

soft callus

A

fibrocarilagenous

63
Q

what first happens in fracture repair

A

a fracture hematoma forms

64
Q

in fracture repair, how are the capillaries reestablished

A

thru a fibrocartlagenous callus

65
Q

calcification that occurs in the granulation tissue

A

bony callus

66
Q

2 effects of aging on bones

A

decr in protein formation and loss of calcium

67
Q

how does a decr in protein as we age affect bones

A

bones become more brittle and are more likely to break bc the osteoid has less protein in it

68
Q

how does a loss of ca as we age effect bone

A

bones become porous and

69
Q

children not having enough vit d

A

rickets

70
Q

adults not having enough vit d

A

osteomalacia

71
Q

excess deposition and reabsorption

A

padget’s disease

72
Q

high amount of spongy bon

A

padget’s disease

73
Q

what is padget’s disease caused from

A

a viral infection

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 (6 decks)

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