Bones Flashcards
1
Q
vertebral column
A
series of joints with small movement between joints
2
Q
blood cell production
A
produced in bone marrow
3
Q
pelvis
A
protects lower digestive system, bladder and reproduction
4
Q
spine
A
- vertebral column protects spinal cord and nerves going to body
- flexibility
5
Q
ribs
A
protect vital organs
6
Q
skull
A
protects brain, made of several bones which fuse together
7
Q
axial skeleton
A
mainframe
8
Q
skeletal system functions
A
- foster movement
- shape and structure
- protection
9
Q
how does skeletal system foster movement
A
bones have muscles attached to them with joints as pivot points
10
Q
how does skeletal give shape and structure
A
support internal organs, give framework
11
Q
3 body types
A
endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph
12
Q
endomorph
A
- soft round shape
- short limbs
- little muscle definition because body fat
- wrestling or weight lifting
13
Q
mesomorph
A
- sturdy skeleton
- prominent muscle
- muscular limbs
- good at power sports
14
Q
ectomorph
A
- slim build
- little muscle mass but good defenition due to no fat
- good at endurance
15
Q
growth spurts
A
- growth quickens due to hormonal activity
- muscles ligaments and tendons slower to adapt to changes in size
16
Q
osteoperosis
A
- bones get thinner and more fragile due to minerals lost in bones
- drop in estrogen is a cause
- when body levels are low in calcium takes it from bones
17
Q
growing pains
A
bone growth quickens, muscles, ligaments and tendond adapt slower, weird coordination, stretching causes problems
18
Q
peak bone mass not achieved until
A
25-30
19
Q
weakest areas of growing skeleton
A
epiphyseal plates
20
Q
epiphysial plates
A
areas of growing tissue in children and adolescents
21
Q
foramen magnum
A
where spinal cord comes from brain and continues to back bone
22
Q
how many vertabrae
A
33
23
Q
vertebrae are connected by
A
facet joints
24
Q
spinal cord runs through
A
neural canal
25
intervertebral disc
act as a cushion and absorb shock between vertebrae
26
what are the strongest vertebrae
lumbar
27
first 7 pairs of ribs are attached to
sternum
28
costal cartilage
attaches ribs to sternum
29
false ribs
cartilage attaching 8, 9, 10th ribs to sternum
30
floating ribs
not attached to sternum
31
osteocytes
bone cells
32
bone marrow stores
fat
33
yellow bone marrow produces
white blood cells
34
red marrow produces
red blood cells
35
red blood cells are produced in
Red blood marrow
36
White blood cells are produced in
yellow bone marrow
37
upper jaw
maxilla
38
lower jaw
mandible
39
6 main functions of skeleton
protection, movement, storage, production, muscle attachment, shape and structure
40
osteoclasts
removal of old bone
41
ossification
bone growth
42
bones adapt
to the stress placed on them
43
irregular bones
- non uniform shape
- vertebrae, sacrum, mandible
- mostly cancellous bone with thin outer layer of compact bone
44
cervical spine
first 7 vertebrae- c1-c7
45
flat bones
- strong flat pieces to protect vital organs
- sternum, breastbone, cranium
- base for muscular attachment
- anterior and posterior surfaces formed of compact bone to provide strength for protection
- center is cancellous
46
periosteum
- thin protective fiberous sheath around bone except the ends
- contains blood vessels to bring nutrients and transfer waste away
47
c2
axis bone
48
how many bones are there
203
49
long bones grow until
18
50
bones mature until
25
51
thoracic curve
kyphotic
52
bone cavity
- medullary cavity running down middle of shaft
- contains bone marrow
- produces r&w blood cells
53
5 types of bones
-long bones, short bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones, flat bones
54
pregnancy
exaggeration of spinal curves
55
lumbar spine curves
concave
56
lumbar spine
5 vertebrae, l1-l5, very little movement
57
lordotic
inward
58
epiphysis
ends of bone where it widens to form a joint made of spongy bone
59
ischium
spits bones
60
compact bone
forms diaphysis, very dense and strong
61
what happens when bone stops growing
epiphysian plate fades which leaves a bony structure called epiphysial line
62
cartilage
tough smooth tissue that helps reduce friction between bones and provides shock absorbtion to joints
63
diaphysis
middle section of the bone
64
thoracic spine
12 vertebrae
t1-t12
part of ribs, go small to big
65
hyper-kyphosis
-exaggerated rounding of thoracic vertebrae, hunched, anterior shift of head, internal rotated arms, rounded shoulders
66
kyphatic
rounding or hump
67
hyper-kyphosis muscular set up
short pecs, longer lower trapezeus, short upper trapezeus, longer rhomboids
68
what part of spine is slightly mobile
thoracic spine
69
posture
optimal posture is the ability to hold yourself in neautral alignment with minimal muscle activity
70
osteoblasts
bone builders
71
what is the most mobile part of the spine
cervical
72
hyperlordosis
exaggerated inward curve of lumbar spine, hollow lower back, makes butt look bigger
73
poor sitting on posture
can shorten chest muscles and lengthen back muscles
74
types of long bones
femur, humerus, tibia, metacarpals, metatarsals, phalanges
75
elbow
primary hinge joint, additional joint that allows pronation and supination
76
cancellous
honeycomb structure, spongey bone in epiphysis
77
axial bones
skull, cranium, ribs, sternum, spine (core)
78
ilium
largest part of pelvis (flared), upper rim is called iliac crest
79
long bones
longer than it is wide, growth plates at either end, hard surface of compact bone, spongey innter called cancellous bone containing bone marrow
80
pelvic girdle
ilium, pubis, ischium
81
hyaline cartilage
covers bone, protects and aids in shock absorbtion
82
pubis
pubic bones form together to form cartilaginous joint
83
mineral storage
calcium, magnesium, phosphate which add strength and create bone density
84
growth plate (epiphysial plate)
- between epipysis and disphysis
- fused in adult bone
- where bone growth takes place
85
lumbar curve
concave or hollow curvature
86
appendicular
appendages
87
c1
atlas bone
88
two sections of bones
axial and appendicular
89
short bones
wide as they are long, primary function of support and stability, little movement, carpals and tarsals, thin layer of compact hard bone and large amounts of marrow
90
vertebral column
spine
91
sesamoid bones
short bones irregular bones embedded in a tendon, patella, pisiform, visually present in a tendon where it passes over a joint which serves to protect the tendon
92
scoliosis
s curve of spine, some vertebrae maybe rotated, congenital defect
93
8 weeks post conception, bones do...
skeleton bones have already formed in cartilage
94
normal spine alignment
4 curves- disperse shock, protect brain from shock
95
sacrum and coccyx
5 vertebrae fused together line up with ilium
| tailbone
96
c1 and c2
pivot joint which allowes neck to rotate
97
why is bone more vulnerable while growing
more bone is cartilage, at risk from muscles pulling on tendons
98
ligament
tough fiberous tissue taht connects bones to bonestf
