Muscles

Question 1

3 types of muscle

Answer 1

• smooth/involuntary (visceral)
• skeletal/voluntary (striated)
• cardiac muscle

Question 2

fast twitch muscles

Answer 2

• fast oxidative fibers
• large number of mitochonria and myoglobin
• manufacture and split ATP through aerobic and anaerobic exercise
• fast, strong muscle connections, prone to fatigue

Question 3

fast twitch glycolytic

Answer 3

• white blood cells

- atp at a slow rate by anaerobic metabolism

Question 4

slow twitch

Answer 4

• red due to large volumes of myoglobin and o2
• resistant to fatigue
• repeated low level contractions
• produce large amounts of ATP
• postural muscles- neck and spine

Question 5

skeletal muscle

Answer 5

• voluntary
• striated
• conscious control
• stimulated my somatic nervous system
• muscles contract and create movement on the bones they’re attached to
• produce movement, stabilize body
• quads and biceps

Question 6

muscle fiber types

Answer 6

slow twitch
fast twitch
fast twitch glycolitic

Question 7

wearing heels effect on muscles

Answer 7

can shorted calf muscles and hamstrings, increase curve of lumbar spine

Question 8

cardiac muscle

Answer 8

involuntary muscle found in walls of heart
striated
stimulated by sinoatrial node

Question 9

intercostals

Answer 9

below ribs- ribs lift so lung volume increases

Question 10

pelvic floor

Answer 10

controls continence and supports fetus

Question 11

which muscle has highest workload

Answer 11

prime mover- agonist

Question 12

half of body weight is

Answer 12

muscle

Question 13

4 types of muscle actors

Answer 13

agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator

Question 14

skeletal muscles cross

Answer 14

at least 1 joint

Question 15

when a muscle or group contracts

Answer 15

it will either create movement at a joint or stabilize a bone

Question 16

fixator

Answer 16

muscle contracts statically to fix parts of the body to maintain correct position

Question 17

synergist

Answer 17

other muscles may join in and help the agonist with its movement

Question 18

antagonist

Answer 18

opposite muscle which relaxes while agonist is contracting allowing movement to occur at joint

Question 19

agonist

Answer 19

prime mover

Question 20

how do muscles work in pairs

Answer 20

each muscle has an opposite muscle to allow movement

-when one shortens, the other lengthens

Question 21

skeletal maturity

Answer 21

girls 13-15

boys 15-17

Question 22

isometric contractions

Answer 22

-muscle contracts, develops tension but muscle length remains the same with no movement in joint

Question 23

isotonic contractions

Answer 23

maintain constant tension in muscle when it changes length

Question 24

4 types of contractions

Answer 24

isometric, isotonic, eccentric, concentric

Question 25

hyper-lordosis muscle set up

Answer 25

- shortened erector spinae - lengthened gluteus maximus - short hip flexors - weak transverse abs - lengthened rectus abs

Question 26

muscle tone

Answer 26

muscles are always in a slight state of tension ready to react

Question 27

push up actors

Answer 27

agonist- pecs antagonist-trapezius synergist-triceps and anterior deltiods fixators- abs, obliques

Question 28

squat actors

Answer 28

agonist- quads antagonist- hamstrings synergists- glutes, gastrocnemius, hip flexors fixators- muscles of core

Question 29

bicep curl actors

Answer 29

agonist- biceps antagonist- triceps synergist- brachioradialis and brachialis fixators- anterior deltoids, abs and obliques

Question 30

agonists

Answer 30

contracting muscles

Question 31

transverse abs

Answer 31

deep muscle located anterior to spine

Question 32

elbow flexion

Answer 32

when bicep brachii concentrically contracts

Question 33

elbow extension

Answer 33

when tricep contracts concentrically

Question 34

knee extension

Answer 34

when quads contract concentrically

Question 35

hip extension

Answer 35

when glutes contract concentrically

Question 36

knee flexion

Answer 36

when hamstrings contract concentrically

Question 37

4 types of muscle contractions

Answer 37

concentric, eccentric, isometric, isotonic

Question 38

concentric

Answer 38

when a muscle shortens under tensions

Question 39

eccentric

Answer 39

when a muscle lengthens under tension

Question 40

isotonic

Answer 40

when a muscle is under tension and moving

Question 41

synergist

Answer 41

muscle that assists prime mover

Question 42

fixator

Answer 42

muscle or group of muscles which stabilize body or joint while movement is performed

Question 43

colors of muscle fibers

Answer 43

slow- red fast- pink faster- white

Question 44

example of activity for slow twitch muscles

Answer 44

long distance or low intensity run

Question 45

fast twitch activity example

Answer 45

heavy weight training or 400m run

Question 46

fast twitch 2 activity example

Answer 46

power lifting

Question 47

sliding filament theory

Answer 47

theory of how a muscle contracts- actin and myosin attach which allow contractions to occour

Question 48

motor unit consists of

Answer 48

one motor neuron and corresponding bundle of muscle fibers it's attached to

Question 49

eccentric contractions

Answer 49

-muscle lengthening during contraction

Question 50

DOMS

Answer 50

delayed onset of muscle soreness

Question 51

eccentric training

Answer 51

allows a person to push muscles past normal point of failure, high risk of DOMS

Question 52

concentric contraction

Answer 52

causes muscles to shorten thereby generating force

Question 53

tendon

Answer 53

connects muscle to bone | -formed at the end of muscles by layers of connective tissues

Question 54

muscle attachments

Answer 54

- tendons - aponeurosis - muscle fascia

Question 55

muscle fascia

Answer 55

muscles attach directly to periosteum, the fiberous sheath of the bone

Question 56

periosteum

Answer 56

fiberous sheath of bone

Question 57

aponeurosis

Answer 57

connective tissue that connects muscles to muscles

Question 58

smooth muscle

Answer 58

- visceral - involuntary in motor function - contracts under unconscious control stimulated by autonomic nervous system