Bones And Joints Flashcards
How many bones are in the human body
206 bones in the human body
What is the epiphysis
This is the growth plate
What is the synovial joint
Extensive movement, smooth cartilage, synovial fluid in a capsule
What are the fibrous joints
No synovial cavity, joint held together by dense connective tissue. Skull
What is the joint cavity
Contains synovial fluid if cartilages rub together it will cause inflammation
What cartilage is found in synovial joints
Articular hyaline cartilage and marginal (fibro) cartilage
What supports joints
Tendons
What are ligaments
Passive stabilisers
What is a syndesmosis
A fibrous joint between two bones and linked by ligaments and a strong membrane
What type of connective tissue is a syndemosis
Dense
When does the anterior fontanelle close
Usually closes sometime between 9 and 18 months
When does the posterior fontanelle close
By the age of 1/2 months, may close at birth
Describe cartinaginous joints
Little movement, no synovial cavity
What is a symphysis
A cartilaginous joint, bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between eg pelvis, sternum, ribs
Describe a synchondrosis
A type of cartinaginous joint where hyaline cartilage completely joins together two bones
What are the two parts of the skeleton called
Neurocranium (bony covering of brain and meninges)
Viscerocranium (facial skeleton)
What is the roof of the skeleton called
Calvaria
What is the floor of the skull called
Cranial base
What are the eight bones in the neurocranium called
Frontal (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Sphenoid (1)
Occipital (1)
Temporal (2)
Parietal (2)
How many bones make up the facial skeleton
14 bones
What does the phrase pneumatised mean
Air within the bones
Name the weakest part of the skull
The pterion
This is because it is the part of the skull where the frontal, parietal, sphenoid and temporal bones all meet
What can trauma in the pterion result in
Trauma in this area can result in a rupture of the blood vessels just deep to this, the middle meningeal blood vessels including the artery, this would be referred to as an extra-duralumin haemorrhage
Where in the vertebra is the spinal cord contained
The intervertebral foramen contains the spinal cord, spinal nerves exit vertebral canals through the vertebral foramina
