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Anatomy > The Neck > Flashcards

The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What is the neck

A

The junction between the head and thorax

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2
Q

What is the superior limit of the neck

A

The mandible and the base of the skull

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3
Q

What is the inferior limit of the neck

A

The thoracic inlet

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4
Q

What is the neck divided into anterior and posterior portions by

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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5
Q

What is the proximal attachment of the neck

A

Mastoid process

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6
Q

What is the distal attachment of the neck

A

Sternum and clavicle

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7
Q

What are the two triangles of the neck

A

Anterior triangle and posterior triangle

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8
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck

A

1) sternocleidomastoid muscle
2) the midline
3) the lower border of the mandible

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9
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle rod the neck

A

1) sternocleidomastoid
2) trapezius muscle
3) middle third of the clavicle

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10
Q

What can the contents do the anterior triangle be divided into

A

1) muscles
2) skeletal elements and viscera
3) glands
4) nerves
5) vessels

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11
Q

What muscles are in the anterior triangle

A
  • mylohyoid
  • anterior belly of digastric
  • infrahyoid (strap) muscles (sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid)
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12
Q

What are the skeletal elements of the anterior triangle

A
  • thyroid cartilage - largest of the laryngeal cartilages
  • cricoid cartilage - below the thyroid cartilage, just above the trachea
  • hyoid bone
  • trachea
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13
Q

What is the function of the infrahyoid muscles

A

Muscles underneath the mylohyoid muscle, stabilises the hyoid bone

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14
Q

What are the glands in the anterior triangle

A
  • thyroid gland
  • parathyroid glands
  • submandibular glands
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15
Q

What are the parathyroid hormones responsible for

A

Calcium release in the body

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16
Q

What are the thyroid hormones responsible for

A

Metabolism and nerve development

17
Q

How to test the thyroid gland

A

Hands on the neck and get the patient to swallow

18
Q

What is the thyroid gland supplied by

A

Supplied by the superior (external carotid artery) and inferior thyroid (thyrocervical trunk) arteries

19
Q

What ways do the parathyroid gland increase blood calcium levels

A

1) increasing absorption from the gut
2) increasing absorption from the kidney
3) increased activity of oesteoclasts - break down bone and release calcium

20
Q

Describe the structure of the parathyroid gland

A

Superior 2x - found roughly in the middle of the posterior border of the thyroid lobes
Inferior 2x - at inferior poles of thyroid gland, although can be a little variable

5% of people have more than 4

21
Q

What nerves are in the anterior triangle in the neck

A
  • vagus
  • phrenic
  • hypoglassal
22
Q

What is the function of the phrenic nerve

A

C3-5
- supplies the diaphragm
- used to be surgically divided as a treatment for TB

23
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Innervates the majority of the muscles and the tongue

24
Q

What vessels are found in the anterior triangle of the neck

A
  • common carotid artery
  • jugular veins
25
Q

What vein mainly drains the head and neck

A

Jugular vein

26
Q

What are the contents of the posterior triangles

A

1) nerves
2) muscles
3) vessels
4) lymph nodes

27
Q

What nerves are in the posterior triangle

A
  • accessory nerve
  • parts of the brachial plexus
  • cutaneous cervical nerves
28
Q

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle – lateral flexion of neck when acting on its own and flexion of neck when acting both left and right sides.

29
Q

Trapezius

A

Trapezius – base of skull and C7-T12 vertebrae spinous processes to lateral third of clavicle and scapula (acromion of)

30
Q

Describe the posterior triangle nerves

A

It is divided into three parts – upper, middle and lower fibres. The upper fibres elevate the scapula, and also rotate during abduction of the arm. Middle fibres pull back the scapula (retraction) and lower fibres go inferiorly

31
Q

Describe the lymph nodes in the posterior triangle

A
  • small oval to bean shaped structures
  • they filter lymph
  • offer defence against the spread of infection
  • returned to larger veins
  • many sites of lymph nodes
32
Q

What is the most important function of lymph nodes

A

Fight against infection

Anatomy (13 decks)

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