Bones and Joints (Dry Lab)

Question 1

In the anatomical position, what direction do the palms face?

Answer 1

Anterior

Question 2

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the thumbs?

Answer 2

Lateral

Question 3

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the feet?

Answer 3

Toes pointed anteriorly

Question 4

In the anatomical position, what is the position of the head?

Answer 4

Face anterior.

Question 5

Why should the anatomical position be used and referred to?

Answer 5

To ensure descriptions aren’t ambiguous.

Question 6

Define superior.

Answer 6

Nearer to head.

Question 7

Define inferior.

Answer 7

Nearer to feet.

Question 8

Define anterior.

Answer 8

Nearer to front.

Question 9

Define posterior.

Answer 9

Nearer to back.

Question 10

Define medial.

Answer 10

Towards the midline.

Question 11

Define lateral.

Answer 11

Away from midline.

Question 12

Define proximal.

Answer 12

Nearer to trunk.

Question 13

Define distal.

Answer 13

Further from trunk.

Question 14

Define superficial.

Answer 14

Nearer to or on the surface.

Question 15

Define deep.

Answer 15

Further away from the surface.

Question 16

Define palmar.

Answer 16

Nearer to, or on, the palm of the hand.

Question 17

Define plantar.

Answer 17

Nearer to, or on, the sole of the foot.

Question 18

Define dorsal.

Answer 18

Nearer to, or on, the back of the body.

Question 19

Define ventral.

Answer 19

Nearer to, or on, the front of the body.

Question 20

Define cranial/rostral.

Answer 20

Nearer to the head.

Question 21

Define caudal.

Answer 21

At or near the tail of the body.

Question 22

Define ipsilateral.

Answer 22

On the same side of the body.

Question 23

Define contralateral.

Answer 23

On the opposite side of the body.

Question 24

What are the three planes of the body?

Answer 24

Sagittal
Transverse
Coronal

Question 25

How is the body sectioned in sagittal plane?

Answer 25

Left and Right

Question 26

How is the body sectioned in transverse plane?

Answer 26

Superior and inferior

Question 27

How is the body sectioned in coronal plane?

Answer 27

Anterior and posterior

Question 28

What is the plane known as which is a sagittal plane through the midpoint of the clavicle?

Answer 28

Midclavicular line.

Question 29

What are the 5 cavities of the body?

Answer 29

``` Cranial and head Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Lower limb ```

Question 30

What is the upper limb made of?

Answer 30

``` Upper limb girdle Shoulder Arm Elbow Forearm Wrist Hand ```

Question 31

What is the lower limb made of?

Answer 31

``` Lower limb girdle Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot ```

Question 32

Where does the liver lie in relation to the abdomen?

Answer 32

To the right.

Question 33

Where does the spleen lie in relation to the abdomen?

Answer 33

To the left.

Question 34

Where does the right kidney lie in relation to the liver?

Answer 34

Posteriorly

Question 35

Where does the stomach lie in relation to the left kidney.

Answer 35

Anteriorly.

Question 36

At what vertebral level is the sternal angle located?

Answer 36

T4

Question 37

At what vertebral level is the summit of iliac crest located?

Answer 37

L4

Question 38

At what vertebral level is the xiphisternal joint located?

Answer 38

T9

Question 39

What are the three germ layers?

Answer 39

Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm

Question 40

What is found in the middle of the mesoderm?

Answer 40

Notochord

Question 41

Which embryonic germ layer gives origin to bone, cartilage and skeletal muscle?

Answer 41

Mesoderm

Question 42

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to nerve tissue?

Answer 42

Ectoderm

Question 43

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to skin?

Answer 43

Ectoderm and Mesoderm

Question 44

Which embryonic germ layer gives rise to smooth muscle?

Answer 44

Ectoderm and mesoderm.

Question 45

How can hyaline cartilage be defined in histology?

Answer 45

Widely dispersed collagen fibres.

Question 46

How can spongy bone be defined in histology?

Answer 46

Spaces of marrow cavity.

Question 47

How can compact bone be defined in histology?

Answer 47

Osteocytes, haversian canals.

Question 48

Where is hyaline cartilage found in long bone other than the epiphyseal growth plate?

Answer 48

Inside joint cavities

Question 49

What type of tissue is bone marrow?

Answer 49

Loose connective tissue.

Question 50

What does bone marrow do?

Answer 50

Generates blood cells

Question 51

Where is bone marrow found?

Answer 51

Medullary cavity.