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MSK anatomy > Bones And Joints Of The Distal Lower Limb > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Of The Distal Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

2 bones of the leg

A

Tibia
Fibula

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2
Q

What do the tibia and fibula articulate with distally

A

Talus at the ankle joint

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3
Q

How are the tibia and fibula connected

A

2 joints and a strong interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Shape of tibia

A

Thick and strong bone

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5
Q

Proximal part of tibia

A

Medial and lateral tibial condyles- superior surfaces are flattened to form plateaus

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6
Q

Intercondylar tubercles

A

Prominent ridges between the tibial plateaus

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7
Q

Which bones articulate to form the knee joint

A

Medial and lateral tibial plateaus with femoral condyles

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8
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

Projects from upper anterior surface of tibia
Patellar ligament inserts here

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9
Q

Soleal line

A

Oblique ridge in posterior surface of the tibia

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10
Q

Medial malleolus

A

Projects medially from the distal end of the tibia and forms part of the socket for the talus

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11
Q

Shape of fibula

A

Slender bone

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12
Q

Where does the common fibular bone run close to

A

Neck of fibula

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13
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

Projects from the distal end of the fibula and forms part of the socket for the talus

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14
Q

Function of small joints in foot

A

Allow it to deform and absorb shock when walking over uneven ground

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15
Q

Function of the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot

A

Allow shock absorption

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16
Q

Tarsal bones

A

Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Medial/intermediate/lateral cuneiforms

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17
Q

Which tarsal bones form the hindfoot

A

Talus and calcaneus

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18
Q

Which tarsal bones form the midfoot

A

Medial/lateral/intermediate cuneiforms
Navicular
Cuboid

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19
Q

Meaning of calcaneus

A

Chalk - dense white shape and appearance

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20
Q

Meaning of navicular

A

Boat-shaped

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21
Q

Meaning of cuneiform

A

Wedge-shaped

22
Q

Which bones comprise the forefoot

A

Metatarsal and phalanges

23
Q

Number of phalanges in toes 2-5

A

3

24
Q

Number of phalanges in toe 1 (great toe)

A

2

25
Q

Number of metatarsals

A

5
1 - 5 medial to lateral

26
Q

Joints between metatarsal and proximal phalanges

A

Metatarsophalangeal joints

27
Q

Joints between phalanges

A

Interphalangeal

28
Q

Movements in the toes

A

Flexion
Extension
Abduction and Adduction

29
Q

Why is Flexion of the metatarsophalangeal joint important

A

Pushing the foot off the ground and forward propulsion during walking and running

30
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint

A

Synovial hinge joint

31
Q

Ankle mortise

A

Socket formed by the tibia and fibula for the talus

32
Q

What ligaments support the ankle joint

A

Medial and lateral ligaments

33
Q

Movements of the ankle joint

A

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion

34
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Bringing the toes closer to the shin

35
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Pointing the toes

36
Q

Number of lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

3

37
Q

What do the lateral ligaments of the ankle attach to

A

Lateral malleolus

38
Q

What do the medial ligaments of the ankle attach to

A

Medial malleolus

39
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Articulation of talus with the calcaneus and navicular

40
Q

Movements of the subtalar joint

A

Inversion
Eversiomn

41
Q

Inversion

A

Bring sole of the foot medially

42
Q

Eversion

A

Raises the lateral border of the foot
Brings sole of the foot laterally

43
Q

Tibial fracture

A

High energy forces are required to fracture a healthy tibia. When the tibia fractures, the broken ends of the bone may break through the skin because there is little subcutaneous tissue between the anterior surface of the tibia and skin. If a there is broken skin overlying a fracture, or the bone penetrates out through the skin, it is called an ‘open’ or ‘compound’ fracture. Open fractures must be managed carefully to prevent infection from entering the exposed bone and ensuring the skin heals over the surface.

44
Q

Intra-osseous vascular access

A

In critical emergency situations, where vascular access is required immediately to provide lifesaving treatment directly into the bloodstream, and there is difficulty or delay in accessing peripheral veins, vascular access can be gained through the bone. The flat antero-medial part of the proximal tibia is a common site for IO access. A small handheld drill is used to ‘drill’ a cannula into the bone, and into the medullary cavity, providing a route to give treatment.

45
Q

Ankle sprain

A

Ankle sprains are very common and almost always result from a forced inversion of the foot. Forced inversion stretches and tears the lateral ligament of the ankle, resulting in pain and swelling over the lateral aspect of the ankle and foot.

46
Q

Ankle fracture

A

An ankle fracture refers to a fracture of the lateral and/or medial malleolus. Small lateral malleolus fractures, depending on their exact location, may be treated conservatively (without surgery). However, medial malleolus fractures and more proximal lateral malleolus fractures, or fractures with a dislocation of the ankle joint will require surgical fixation.

47
Q
  1. What complications can arise from an open fracture of the tibial shaft?
A

Infection of the bone- osteomyelitis
Poor wound healing as there is little subcutaneous tissue anterior to the tibial shaft

48
Q
  1. What movements take place at the ankle joint?
A

Dorsiflexion
Plantarflexion

49
Q
  1. What movements occur at the subtalar joint?
A

Inversion
Eversion

50
Q
  1. What type of injuries sprain the medial and lateral ankle ligaments?
A

Medial = eversion
Lateral = inversion

51
Q
  1. Which tarsal bone is in contact with the ground when standing?
A

Calcaneus

52
Q
  1. What is the name of the flattened surface of the proximal tibia?
A

Medial and lateral plateaus

MSK anatomy (13 decks)

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