Key Points

Question 1

Which of the following bony processes articulates with the clavicle?

Answer 1

articulates with the manubrium of the sternum and the acromion of the scapula

Question 2

The spiral groove of the humerus runs over the posterior aspect of the humeral shaft. Which nerve runs in this groove?

Answer 2

Radial

Question 3

Which movement are the rhomboid major and rhomboid minor muscles responsible for?

Answer 3

Retract the scapula

Question 4

Which of the following muscles insert onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus and internally (or medially) rotate the humerus?
A.
Deltoid
B.
Infraspinatus
C.
Subscapularis
D.
Supraspinatus
E.
Teres minor

Answer 4

Subscapularis

Question 5

The axillary artery is the direct continuation of which artery as it progresses laterally through the axilla?

Answer 5

Subclavian artery

Question 6

Where does the biceps brachii muscle insert in order to flex the elbow and supinate the forearm?

Answer 6

Radial tuberosity

Question 7

Which movements does the triceps brachii muscle produce?

Answer 7

Extension of the elbow and shoulder

Question 8

Which branch of the brachial plexus innervates the deltoid muscle and contains fibres of C5 and C6 spinal nerves?

Answer 8

Axillary

Question 9

Which carpal bone sits at the base of the thumb metacarpal, and articulates with the trapezoid and scaphoid?

Answer 9

Trapezium

Question 10

Which muscle forms the lateral border of the antecubital fossa?

Answer 10

Brachioradialis

Question 11

Which muscle forms the medial border of the antecubital fossa?

Answer 11

Pronator teres

Question 12

Which anterior forearm muscle is solely supplied by the ulnar nerve?

Answer 12

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 13

56 year old woman falls and sustains a fracture of the midshaft of her humerus. The doctor assessing her in the Emergency Department wishes to test the function of one of the nerves of the upper limb that is particularly vulnerable to injury due to its anatomical proximity to this location on the humerus.

Which of the following muscles could be tested to assess the function of the nerve that the doctor is concerned about?

Answer 13

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 14

23-year-old man sustains an injury to his upper limb. The doctor assessing him in the Emergency Department wishes to test the function of his ulnar nerve. Which movements could the doctor ask the patient to perform to test this nerve?

Answer 14

Abduction of the fingers is performed by the dorsal interossei muscles which are supplied by the ulnar nerve, so this would be a suitable test.

Question 15

A 65-year-old woman falls onto an outstretched right hand. She reports pain in her hand and wrist. The doctor assessing her in the Emergency Department palpates the anatomical snuffbox of her hand.

Which bone is found in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 15

Scaphoid

Question 16

An 83-year-old man is known to have osteoarthritis of his cervical spine. He begins to experience some altered sensation over the medial border of his left hand and his left little finger. He also complains of some weakness in his hand. He attends his GP practice, where the doctor assessing him suspects impingement of one of the nerve roots exiting his cervical spinal cord. Which nerve root is most likely implicated?

Answer 16

C8

Question 17

Which important bony landmark at the end of the iliac crest can be felt through the skin when a patient is supine, and is an attachment point for the inguinal ligament?

Answer 17

Anterior superior iliac spine

Question 18

An 89-year-old woman attends the emergency department having fallen on her left side. She cannot move her left hip and is in a lot of pain. An x-ray shows she has fractured part of her femur which has likely torn the retinacular arteries. Which is the most likely area to have fractured?

Answer 18

Neck

Question 19

A 28-year-old female rugby player attends an orthopaedic clinic with an acutely swollen painful knee after being tackled during a recent game. The orthopaedic surgeon examines the knee and notices that she is able to pull the patient’s tibia anteriorly whilst the femur is fixed.
Which structure has been damaged?

Answer 19

Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 20

A 45 year old patient books an appointment to see their GP as they have been struggling with weakness in their posterior hip muscles. They have noticed they are struggling to stand from sitting in a chair and on examination, they have bilateral weakness when extending and externally rotating their hips. Which muscle is responsible for these movements?

Answer 20

Gluteus maximus

Question 21

12-year-old boy is kicked in the anterior thigh during a football game and sustains a large bruise over this area. For the next few days he struggles to extend his knee and in the emergency department, the doctor suspects he has damage to the quadriceps femoris group of muscles. Which of the following muscles is part of the quadriceps?

Answer 21

Vastus intermedius

Question 22

72 year old woman strains her posterior thigh muscles whilst doing a workout class at the gym. Which nerve supplies the hamstring muscles?

Answer 22

Sciatic

Question 23

A 56 year old man is walking across a zebra crossing when a car fails to stop for him. The car’s front bumper strikes his leg on the lateral aspect, just below the knee. When he attends the emergency department, the doctor notices he is unable to dorsiflex his foot.

Which nerve that travels superficially over the lateral aspect of the leg, immediately inferior to the knee, supplies the muscles responsible for dorsiflexion?

Answer 23

Common fibular nerve

Question 24

A 23 year old athlete injured their calcaneal (Achilles) tendon during a race. They feel pain around their heel, and cannot plantarflex their foot.

Which of the following muscles inserts onto the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon?

Answer 24

Soleus

Soleus combines with the tendons of gastrocnemius and plantaris to form the calcaneal tendon.

Question 25

A 45 year old woman suffers a prolapsed (‘slipped’) intervertebral disc in her spine and develops altered sensation in her leg. She reports partial numbness and tingling in her little toe and along the lateral border of her foot.

Which nerve root supplies sensation to this dermatome?

Answer 25

S1

Question 26

78 year old man has peripheral vascular disease and poor arterial circulation to his extremities. He is referred to the vascular surgery team and the surgeon attempts to palpate the pulses in the patient’s lower limb.

Which anatomical landmarks are used to locate the dorsalis pedis pulse?

Answer 26

between the tendons of extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus on the dorsum of the foot.

Question 27

Which anatomical landmarks are used to locate the great saphenous vein

Answer 27

Anterior to the medial malleolus, but medial to the tendon of tibialis anterior.

Question 28

Which anatomical landmarks are used to locate the femoral artery

Answer 28

Just below the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, between the anterior superior iliac spine and the pubic tubercle.

Question 29

Which anatomical landmarks are used to locate the posterior tibial artery

Answer 29

Posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus, but anterior and inferior to the calcaneus

Question 30

Which anatomical landmarks are used to locate the popliteal artery

Answer 30

Posterior to the knee joint, within the popliteal fossa.