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Forensic Science > Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

A

Clavicle (1)
Scapula (1)

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2
Q

What bones make up the different parts of the upper limb?

A

Arm:
Humerus (1)

Forearm:
Radius (1)
Ulna (1)

Wrist:
Carpals (8)

Hand:
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)

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3
Q

Where is the only point of contact between the upper limb and axial skeleton?

A

Collar bone/clavicle
Occurs at the sternoclavicular joint

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4
Q

Which end of the clavicle articulates medially?

A

Sternal end
- Rounded
- Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

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5
Q

Which end of the clavicle articulates laterally?

A

Acromial end
- Flattened
- Articulates with the acromion process of the scapular spine at the acromioclavicular joint

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6
Q

Which bone typically breaks in a FOOSH fracture?

A

Clavicle

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7
Q

What is a FOOSH fracture

A

“Fall on an outstretched hand”

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8
Q

Which bone is also known as the shoulder blade?

A

Scapula

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9
Q

Which borders make up the superior angle of the scapula?

A

Superior border and medial border

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10
Q

Which borders make up the inferior angle of the scapula?

A

Medial border and lateral border

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11
Q

Which feature of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

A

Acromion process (lateral part of spine)

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12
Q

Which feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

A

Glenoid fossa

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13
Q

How are the two necks of the humerus different from one another?

A

Anatomical neck:
- Just distal of the humeral head

Surgical neck:
- Where shaft begins; common area of fracture

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14
Q

What structure travels in the intertubercular groove?

A

Long head of biceps brachii tendon

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15
Q

Which epicondyle of the humerus is more prominent?

A

MEDIAL

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16
Q

What are the names of the two condyles at the distal end of the humerus? Which is medial and which is lateral?

A

Capitulum:
Lateral (articulates with head of radius)

Trochlea:
Medial (articulates with trochlear notch of ulna)

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17
Q

Which features of the humerus, ulna, and radius articulate at the elbow joint?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus

The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

Head of radius attaches to radial notch of ulna

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18
Q

Is the ulna medial or lateral?

A

MEDIAL (pinky)

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19
Q

Is the radius medial or lateral?

A

LATERAL (thumb)

20
Q

Is the head of the RADIUS proximal or distal?

A

Proximal

21
Q

Is the head of the ULNA proximal or distal?

A

Distal

22
Q

Is the styloid process of the ULNA and RADIUS proximal or distal?

A

DISTAL

23
Q

How many carpals are there?

A

8

24
Q

Which three carpal bones help make the carpal tunnel?

A

hook of the hamate
pisiform
tubercle of the trapezium

25
Q

What are the names of the bones in the palm of the hand? How are they numbered?

A

Metacarpals:
Numbered from thumb (1) to pinky (5)

Knuckles

26
Q

What are the names of the bones in the fingers?

A

Phalanges (plural)

27
Q

Why are there only 14 phalanges?

A

Should be 15, but thumb lacks an intermediate phalanx while all the other fingers have this middle phalanx between the proximal and distal phalanges

Thumb - 2
Rest of fingers - 3

28
Q

What are the different joints of the upper limb?

A

Sternoclavicular joint
Acromioclavicular joint
Glenohumeral joint
Humeroradial joint
Humeroulnar joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint
Radiocarpal joint
Midcarpal joint
Carpometacarpal joint
Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)
Interphalangeal (IP)

29
Q

Sternoclavicular

A

Only point of bony connection between upper limb and axial skeleton
- Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium
- Strengthened by costoclavicular ligament

30
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Limited movement
Acromial end of clavicle and acromion process

Strengthened by:
~ acromioclavicular ligament
~ trapezoid ligament
~ conoid ligament

31
Q

Glenohumeral joint:

A

Aka shoulder joint
- Ball-and-socket joint between head of humerus and glenoid fossa

~ Greatest freedom of movement of any joint in the body
Unstable since shallow glenoid fossa and large humeral head

Strengthened and stabilized by glenoid labrum, a cartilaginous lip attached to margin of glenoid fossa, which helps create more contact for the head of humerus

Also strengthened by muscles of rotator cuff that surround shoulder joint

32
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

4 muscles that pull head of humerus into glenoid fossa

33
Q

Which muscles are part of the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis m.
Supraspinatus m.
Infraspinatus m.
Teres minor m.

34
Q

Elbow joints

A

Humeroradial
Humeroulnar
Proximal radioulnar

35
Q

Humeroradial joint

A

Between head of radius and capitulum of humerus

Strengthened by LCL

36
Q

Humeroulnar joint

A

Between trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus

Strengthened by MCL

37
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint

A

Between head of radius and radial notch of ulna

Strengthened by annular ligament which wraps around head of radius to stabilize the radial head within the radial notch of the ulna as it rotates during supination and pronation of the forearm

38
Q

Distal radioulnar joint

A

Produces movement of supination and pronation
- between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

39
Q

Radiocarpal joint

A

Wrist joint

Between distal end of radius and scaphoid/lunate

40
Q

Midcarpal joint

A

Between proximal and distal rows of carpals

41
Q

Carpometacarpal joint

A

Between carpals and metacarpals
- Little movement except for thumb, which has wide range of motion

42
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint

A

MCP joint!

Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges

43
Q

Interphalangeal joint

A

More commonly referred to as IP joint

Two types:
PIP
DIP

44
Q

PIP joint

A

Between proximal and middle phalanges

45
Q

DIP joint

A

Between middle and distal phalanges

Forensic Science (6 decks)

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