Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb

Question 1

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Answer 1

Clavicle (1)
Scapula (1)

Question 2

What bones make up the different parts of the upper limb?

Answer 2

Arm:
Humerus (1)

Forearm:
Radius (1)
Ulna (1)

Wrist:
Carpals (8)

Hand:
Metacarpals (5)
Phalanges (14)

Question 3

Where is the only point of contact between the upper limb and axial skeleton?

Answer 3

Collar bone/clavicle
Occurs at the sternoclavicular joint

Question 4

Which end of the clavicle articulates medially?

Answer 4

Sternal end
- Rounded
- Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

Question 5

Which end of the clavicle articulates laterally?

Answer 5

Acromial end
- Flattened
- Articulates with the acromion process of the scapular spine at the acromioclavicular joint

Question 6

Which bone typically breaks in a FOOSH fracture?

Answer 6

Clavicle

Question 7

What is a FOOSH fracture

Answer 7

“Fall on an outstretched hand”

Question 8

Which bone is also known as the shoulder blade?

Answer 8

Scapula

Question 9

Which borders make up the superior angle of the scapula?

Answer 9

Superior border and medial border

Question 10

Which borders make up the inferior angle of the scapula?

Answer 10

Medial border and lateral border

Question 11

Which feature of the scapula articulates with the clavicle?

Answer 11

Acromion process (lateral part of spine)

Question 12

Which feature of the scapula articulates with the humerus?

Answer 12

Glenoid fossa

Question 13

How are the two necks of the humerus different from one another?

Answer 13

Anatomical neck:
- Just distal of the humeral head

Surgical neck:
- Where shaft begins; common area of fracture

Question 14

What structure travels in the intertubercular groove?

Answer 14

Long head of biceps brachii tendon

Question 15

Which epicondyle of the humerus is more prominent?

Answer 15

MEDIAL

Question 16

What are the names of the two condyles at the distal end of the humerus? Which is medial and which is lateral?

Answer 16

Capitulum:
Lateral (articulates with head of radius)

Trochlea:
Medial (articulates with trochlear notch of ulna)

Question 17

Which features of the humerus, ulna, and radius articulate at the elbow joint?

Answer 17

Trochlear notch of ulna articulates with trochlea of humerus

The head of the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus

Head of radius attaches to radial notch of ulna

Question 18

Is the ulna medial or lateral?

Answer 18

MEDIAL (pinky)

Question 19

Is the radius medial or lateral?

Answer 19

LATERAL (thumb)

Question 20

Is the head of the RADIUS proximal or distal?

Answer 20

Proximal

Question 21

Is the head of the ULNA proximal or distal?

Answer 21

Distal

Question 22

Is the styloid process of the ULNA and RADIUS proximal or distal?

Answer 22

DISTAL

Question 23

How many carpals are there?

Answer 23

8

Question 24

Which three carpal bones help make the carpal tunnel?

Answer 24

hook of the hamate
pisiform
tubercle of the trapezium

Question 25

What are the names of the bones in the palm of the hand? How are they numbered?

Answer 25

Metacarpals: Numbered from thumb (1) to pinky (5) Knuckles

Question 26

What are the names of the bones in the fingers?

Answer 26

Phalanges (plural)

Question 27

Why are there only 14 phalanges?

Answer 27

Should be 15, but thumb lacks an intermediate phalanx while all the other fingers have this middle phalanx between the proximal and distal phalanges Thumb - 2 Rest of fingers - 3

Question 28

What are the different joints of the upper limb?

Answer 28

Sternoclavicular joint Acromioclavicular joint Glenohumeral joint Humeroradial joint Humeroulnar joint Proximal radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint Radiocarpal joint Midcarpal joint Carpometacarpal joint Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Interphalangeal (IP)

Question 29

Sternoclavicular

Answer 29

Only point of bony connection between upper limb and axial skeleton - Sternal end of clavicle and manubrium - Strengthened by costoclavicular ligament

Question 30

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 30

Limited movement Acromial end of clavicle and acromion process Strengthened by: ~ acromioclavicular ligament ~ trapezoid ligament ~ conoid ligament

Question 31

Glenohumeral joint:

Answer 31

Aka shoulder joint - Ball-and-socket joint between head of humerus and glenoid fossa ~ Greatest freedom of movement of any joint in the body Unstable since shallow glenoid fossa and large humeral head Strengthened and stabilized by glenoid labrum, a cartilaginous lip attached to margin of glenoid fossa, which helps create more contact for the head of humerus Also strengthened by muscles of rotator cuff that surround shoulder joint

Question 32

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 32

4 muscles that pull head of humerus into glenoid fossa

Question 33

Which muscles are part of the rotator cuff?

Answer 33

Subscapularis m. Supraspinatus m. Infraspinatus m. Teres minor m.

Question 34

Elbow joints

Answer 34

Humeroradial Humeroulnar Proximal radioulnar

Question 35

Humeroradial joint

Answer 35

Between head of radius and capitulum of humerus Strengthened by LCL

Question 36

Humeroulnar joint

Answer 36

Between trochlear notch of ulna and trochlea of humerus Strengthened by MCL

Question 37

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 37

Between head of radius and radial notch of ulna Strengthened by annular ligament which wraps around head of radius to stabilize the radial head within the radial notch of the ulna as it rotates during supination and pronation of the forearm

Question 38

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 38

Produces movement of supination and pronation - between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

Question 39

Radiocarpal joint

Answer 39

Wrist joint Between distal end of radius and scaphoid/lunate

Question 40

Midcarpal joint

Answer 40

Between proximal and distal rows of carpals

Question 41

Carpometacarpal joint

Answer 41

Between carpals and metacarpals - Little movement except for thumb, which has wide range of motion

Question 42

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 42

MCP joint! Between metacarpals and proximal phalanges

Question 43

Interphalangeal joint

Answer 43

More commonly referred to as IP joint Two types: PIP DIP

Question 44

PIP joint

Answer 44

Between proximal and middle phalanges

Question 45

DIP joint

Answer 45

Between middle and distal phalanges