bones & joints Flashcards
(23 cards)
describe a bone
there are 2 epiphysis, one is the head, and a diaphysis (shaft) in between
there is a marrow cavity in the diaphysis
there is an epiphyseal plate in between the diaphysis and both epiphysis
compact bones surrounds the marrow cavity and cancellous bone
periosteum surrounds most of the bones with the exception where there is articular cartilage
what are the 3 classifications of joint?
synovial
fibrous
cartilaginous
describe a synovial joint
extensive movement
smooth cartilage
synovial fluid in capsule
eg. shoulder, knee
describe a fibrous joint
no synovial cavity
joint held together by dense CT eg. skull
describe a cartilaginous joint
no synovium
little movement held together by cartilage eg. pelvis
describe the components in a synovial joint
bones: articular (hyaline) cartilage marginal (fibro) cartilage synovial fluid joint capsule ligaments: musculotendinous support tendons muscles to move joint
where do fibrous joints occur?
sutures of skull-no movement syndesmoses greater distance between articular surface more dense CT distal tibia & fibula
where do cartilaginous joints occur?
pelvis, sternum, ribs
bone ends covered by hyaline cartilage, disc of fibrocartilage in between
describe the vertebral column
cervical C1-C7 thoracic T1-T12 lumbar L1-L5 sacrum 5 segments
what are the 2 parts of the sternum?
sternum manubrium
sternum body
what is the joint between the sternum and clavicle?
sterno-clavicular joint
what is the joint between the clavicle and shoulder?
acromio-clavicular
what are the pubic bones?
iliac superior pubic ramus pubic inferior pubic ramus ischium
what is the upper arm bone?
humerus
what is the shoulder bone?
scapula
what is the glenoid fossa?
shoulder socket
what are the lower arm bones?
radius and ulna
describe the bones of the hand
8 carpal bones
5 metacarpals
14 phalanges (fingers)
describe the femur joint -hip
femoral head neck greater tuberosity lesser tuberosity acetabulum-socket
describe the knee
femus femoral condyle medial femoral condyle lateral patella tibia fibula
describe the ankle
tibia-> medial malleolus
fibula-> lateral malleolus
talus
what is the heel bone?
calcaneus
describe the feet bones
tarsal bones
metatarsals
phalanges
