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Upper Limb > Bones of upper limb > Flashcards

Bones of upper limb Flashcards

1
Q

if Pt has a Fx surgical neck of humerus?

A

Axillary n. affected and posterior circumflex humeral vessels

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2
Q

Shaft of humerus Fx?

A

radial n. / profunda brachii artery

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3
Q

Medial epicondyle Fx?

A

ulnar n. affected

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4
Q

supracondylar Fx?

A

Median n. affected

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5
Q

What are ANTERIOR axioappendicular muscles?

A

Pectoralis Major, Minor
Subclavious
Serratus anterior

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6
Q

Pectoralis Major function?

A

insertion: Lat. lip bicipital groove

Flexion, Adduction and medial rot. shoulder

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7
Q

Serratus anterior function?

A

insertion: med border scapula

rotation of scapula

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8
Q

What are posterior superficials Axio-appendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius

Latissimus dorsi

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9
Q

What are deep axis-appendicular muscles?

A

Levator scapulae, Rhomboids major/minor

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10
Q

Trapezius function?

A

insertion: spine and acromion scapula, lat. clavicle
Rotation of scapula (lift scapula) along with Serratus Ant.

*accessory n.

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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi function?

A

insertion: floor of bicipital groove
Extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder
*thoracodorsal n.

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12
Q

What are deep axio-appendicular Posterior muscles?

A

Levator scapulae, rhomboid major/ minor:

medial border scapula- elevates and retracts scapula

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13
Q

What are scapula-humeral muscles?

A

they pass from scapula to humerus (acts on shoulder)

  • DELTOID
  • TERES Major
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14
Q

Deltoid features?

A

inserted in deltoid tuberosity
Flexion/ medial rotation of shoulder (ant. fibers)
Abduction of shoulder (lateral)
Extension/ lateral rotation shoulder (post. fibers)
innervated by: Axillary n.

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15
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • subscapularis
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16
Q

Function of rotator cuff muscles?

A

supraspinatous: abduction 0-30 deg
infraspinatus, teres minor= lat. rotation of shoulder
subscapularis: adduction/ medial rotation

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17
Q

Identify muscles of anterior compartment of arm

A

They are Flexors
Biceps brachii
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis

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18
Q

identify action of these muscles

A

Biceps b: inserted in radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
-Supinates forearm and flexes elbow when supinated
Brachialis: Flexes elbow
Coracobrachialis: shaft of humerus medially- Flexes and adducts shoulder

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19
Q

Brachialis is supplied?

A

by musculocutaneous n. and radial n. (don’t get paralyzed due to these 2 supply)

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20
Q

What are the Posterior compartment of the Arm muscles?

A
  • Triceps brachii

- Anconeous

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21
Q

identify features of Triceps brachii and anconeous

A

Triceps (has long, lateral and medial heads): inserted in olecranon of ulna= Extend elbow and shoulder

Anconeous: weak extensor

Radial n. supply

22
Q

identify content of Triangular space

A

circumflex scapular artery

23
Q

what contain the Triangular interval?

A

radial n. and profunda brachii vessels

24
Q

What contain Quadrangular space?

A

Axillary n. and posterior circumflex humeral artery

25
Q

Borders of Quadrangular space?

A
  • Scapula
  • Long head of Tricep
  • Teres major
  • humerus
  • Teres minor
26
Q

Why are important Quadrangular and triangular space?

A

due to Sx neck and spiral groove of humerus Fx

27
Q

What are superficial flexors of forearm?

A
  • Pronator teres
  • Flexor carpi radialis
  • Palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
28
Q

Features of those Flexors?

A

Pronator teres: radial shaft, elbow flexion
FCR: 2nd metacarpal- flex and ABduct hand (primary wrist flexor)
Palmaris longus: palmar aponeurosis- flexion at wrist (cupping)
FCU: 5th metacarpal- flex and adduct wrist

29
Q

Function of flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)

A

its an Intermediate flexor

medial 4 middle phalanges- flex PIP joints

30
Q

identify the Deep flexors

A 
Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP): medial 4 distal phalanges- Flexion DIP joints
Flexor pollicis longus (FPL): distal pahlanx of Thumb- flex IP joints of thumb 
Pronator Quadratus (PQ): lower end radius
31
Q

flexor pollicis longus in innervated by?

A

median n. (anterior interosseous n.)

32
Q

FCR, PL, FCU functions?

A

wrist flexion with abduction/ Adduction

33
Q

FDS

A

flex PIP

34
Q

FDP

A

flex DIP

35
Q

FPL

A

flex thumb IP joints. Crosses wrist, MCP too

36
Q

Identify forearm Extensors (supinator)

Superficial group

A

Brachioradialis- radial styloid: flex the elbow (supination)
ECRL and ECRB- 2nd and 3rd metacarpal: extend and abduct wrist
Extensor digitorum: extensor expansion- extension of medial 4 finger (MCP, IP joints)
Extensor digiti minimi EDM- extension 5th finger (MCP, IP joint)
ECU- 5th MC: extend and adduct wrist

37
Q

Identify the deep Extensors

A
  • Supinator: lat. surface of radius
  • Abductor pollicis longus (APL): 1rs MC- abduct thumb/ extend 1rst MCP
  • Extensor pollicis longus (EPL): distal phalanx thumb- extension of thumb in distal IP joint
  • Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB)- proximal phalanx thumb- extension of thumb in pro MCP joint
  • Extensor indici- extensor expansion 2nd digit- index finger extension
38
Q

APL is innervated by?

A

Posterior interosseous n. (radial n.)

39
Q

How many flexors?

A 
Pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
flexor dig. superficialis
flexor dig. profundus
flexor pollicis longus
40
Q

What are the borders of cubital fossa?

A

medial: pronator teres
lateral: brachioradialis
superior: imaginary line between epicondyles

41
Q

what are the content of cubital fossa?

A

1-median n.
2-brachial a.-divides into radial and ulnar a.
3-biceps brachii tendon
4-deep branch radial n.

42
Q

what are the Thenar muscles?

A
  • Abductor pollicis brevis
  • flexor pollicis brevis
  • opponent pollicis
43
Q

what are hypothenar muscles?

A
  • Palmaris brevis
  • abductor digiti minimi
  • flexor digiti minimi brevis
  • opponens digiti minimi
  • adductor pollicis
44
Q

Abduction of thumb?

A

APL and APB

45
Q

Adduction of thumb?

A

Adductor pollicis (thenar muscle)

46
Q

extension of thumb?

A

EPL, EPB, APL

47
Q

Flexion of thumb?

A

FPL and FPB

48
Q

Opposition of thumb

A

opponens pollici

49
Q

function of lumbricals?

A

Flexion at MCP and extension at IP joints
attached to medial 4 fingers
1-2 median n.
3-4 ulnar n.

50
Q

function of Palmar interossei?

A

(1-3) Adduction at MCP and extension at IP joints (PAD)
Assists lumbricals in flexing MP joints and extending IP joints
interossei muscles help in writing position of hand
All 7 interossei muscles supplied by deep branch of ulnar n.
eg. “Hold a cigar”

51
Q

function of Dorsal interossei?

A

(1-4) Abduction at MCP and extension at IP joints

52
Q

features of Ulnar n.

A

innervates majority of hand muscles

Thenar and lateral 2 lumbricals (1-2)

Upper Limb (5 decks)

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