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Upper Limb > Brachial plexus > Flashcards

Brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

Brachial plexus divided in

A

Roots, Trunks, divisions, cords, branches

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2
Q

ROOTS

A

Dorsal scapular C5

  • levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids (retracts scapula)
Long thoracic (C5-C7): 
-Serratus ant.: protract scapula and ABduction of shoulder
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3
Q

TRUNKS

A

Suprascapular C5,6:
Supraspinatus: ABdution of arm
Infraspinatus: lat rotation

Subclavious

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4
Q

Lateral Cord

A

Lateral pectoral C5-7= Pectoralis Major
ADduct, rotates medially rot. cuff

Musculocutaneous C5-7: Biceps, Brachialis, Coracobrachialis

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5
Q

Musculocutaneous (Motor)

A

Muscles ANT. compartment of arm (flexors)

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6
Q

MC sensory

A

skin over lateral (radial) side of forearm

*Bicipital tendon reflex

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7
Q

Branches of Medial cord

A

Medial pectoral (C8,T1): Pectoralis major, minor

Medial cutaneous: skin medial side of arm, forearm

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8
Q

Medial cord

A

Median n.

Ulnar n.(C7-T1)

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9
Q

Medial cord: ULNAR n.

A

Motor: innervates Flexor carpi ulnari (FCU), medial 1/2 flexor digitorum profundus
Hand= intrinsic musculature (pinkie side)

Sensory: Medial (ulnar)= 1.5 digits (little finger, 1/2 of ring finger)

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10
Q

Injury of Ulnar n.

A 
at elbow (cubital tunnel)
at wrist (Guyon's canal)
Ulnar claw hand= lumbricals paralyzed
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11
Q

Medial Cord

A

Median C5,T1
Motor: forearm flexor muscle and hand musculature (Thumb side)
exception: FCU and medial 1/2 FDP
sensory: skin on central palm, palmar surface of lat. 3 and 1/2 digits and dorsum of digital halves of these digits

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12
Q

Lateral cord/ Medial cord

A

Median n. that runs along with brachial artery, enters cubital fossa; supply flexor of forearm except those by Ulnar n.
supply: muscles of Thumb, lateral 2 lumbricals

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13
Q

Injury of Median n.

A

at Forearm and Wrist (laceration and CTS)

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14
Q

CTS

A

Motor: weakness of Thumb muscles and 1, 2 lumbricals
sensory: pain numbness

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15
Q

Palmar cutaneous n.

A

branch of Median n.

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16
Q

Posterior cord

A

Subscapular C5: Subscapularis= ADduction/ medial rot. of arm

Thoracodorsal C6,7,8: Latissimus dorsi= Extension, ADduction, medial rot. of arm

17
Q

Axillary n. C5, T1

A

Deltoid

Teres minor

18
Q

Deltoid

A

ant. fibers= flex and medial rotation
middle: ABduction arm
post. : extension, lateral rot. of arm

19
Q

Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation of arm

20
Q

Axillary sensory

A

skin below point of shoulder

21
Q

Axillary injury

A

shoulder dislocation, Fx of surgical neck of humerus

Arm abduction is not possible beyond 15-30 dg. and lateral rot. of arm compromised

22
Q

Posterior Cord

Radial n.

A

Motor: extensors muscles of elbow, wrist and fingers
Sensory: skin posterior and lower lateral aspect of arm, dorsal aspect of forearm and dorso-radial aspect of hand.

23
Q

Radial n.

A

from medial to posterior
supply back arm muscles (Triceps, extensors of wrist)

Posterior intraosseous n.= deep muscles of extensor of forearm

24
Q

Radial n. injury

A

Axillary crutch usage
Arm: shaft of humerus Fx
supracondylar Fx and compression
Forearm: entrapment = loss of extension of elbow wrist and fingers, sensory loss
“Wrist drop”

25
Q

testing radial n.

A

Triceps tendon reflex C6-C8

Brachioradialis tendon reflex C5,C6

26
Q

Median n.

A

in front of cubital fossa; deep to flexor retinaculum

27
Q

Ulnar n.

A

behind medial epicondyle, superficial to flexor retinaculum

28
Q

Radial n.

A

start medially, then posterior to spinal groove, runs posteriorly in forearm
cutaneous innervation: dorsal 3 and 1/2 finger

29
Q

Upper brachial plexus injury

A

Erb’s palsy C5,6
“waiter tip hand”
muscles paralyzed: biceps reflex absent, loss of Rot. cuff muscles
sensory: deficit post. and lat. aspect of arm (axillary n.)
radial side forearm (MC n.)
Thumb (radial n.)
first finger (median n.)

30
Q

Lateral rotation of shoulder

A

Infraspinatus (suprascapular n.)
Post. fibers Deltoid (axillary C5, 6)
Teres minor (axillary n.)

31
Q

Medial rotators

A

Pectoralis major
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi
coracobrachialis

32
Q

Klumpke’s palsy

A

Lower trunk (C8,T1)
-excessive Abduction of arm
claw hand 4 fingers

Upper Limb (5 decks)

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