Bony Fishes - Systematics and Taxonomy Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
taxonomy of class osteichthyes
A
- Domain Eukaryota
- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Class Osteichthyes
2
Q
subclass of osteichthyes
A
- Subclass Sarcopterygii
- Subclass Actinopterygii
3
Q
greek word saropterygii
A
- sareos = fish
- pterygium = fin
4
Q
characteristic of sublass sarcopterygii
A
fleshy, lobed pectoral and pelvic fin supported by bones
5
Q
no. of dorsal fin of subclass sarcopterygii
A
2 with separate bases
6
Q
all early sarcopterygians have what
A
- lungs
- gills
- heterocercal tail
7
Q
later sarcopterygians have what
A
continuous flexible fin around the tail
8
Q
sublass sarcopterygians are considered as what
A
ancestors of terrestrial vertebrates due to their limb-like structure
9
Q
two orders under subclass sarcopterygii
A
- Order Crossopterygii
- Order Dipnoi
10
Q
greek word crossopterygii
A
- crossoi = fringe
- pteryx = fin
11
Q
paired fins of order crossopterygii
A
lobate
12
Q
caudal fin of order crossopterygii
A
three-lobed
13
Q
premaxillae and maxillae of order crossopterygii
A
present
14
Q
internal nares of order crossopterygii
A
present or absent, spiracles present
15
Q
living genus of primitive fleshy-finned fishes
A
Latimeria
16
Q
greek word dipnoi
A
- di = double
- pnoe = breathing
17
Q
median fins of order dipnoi
A
continuous, forming a diphycercal tail
18
Q
tail of of order dipnoi
A
diphycercal tail
19
Q
premaxillae and maxillae of order dipnoi
A
absent
20
Q
internal nares of order dipnoi
A
present, spiracles absent
21
Q
examples under order dipnoi
A
lungfishes
22
Q
living genera of lungfishes
A
- Neoceratodus
- Protopterus
- Lepidosiren
23
Q
greek word actinopterygii
A
- actis = ray
- pteryz = fin
24
Q
characteristic of subclass actinopterygii
A
ray-supported fin
25
ray-supported fins provide what
agility, efficient for swimming
26
dorsal fin of subclass actinopterygii
single dorsal fin that may be divided
27
superorder under subclass actinopterygii
1. Superorder Chondrostei
2. Superorder Holostei
3. Superorder Teleostei
28
used to be grouped into two main groups: holostei and teleostei
Neopterygians ("new fins")
29
greek word chondrosei
1. chondros = cartilage
2. osteon = bone
30
skeleton of superorder chondrostei
primarily cartilaginous
31
mouth of superorder chondrostei
large mouth opening
32
scales of superorder chondrostei
usually ganoid
33
tail fin of superorder chondrostei
heterocercal
34
orders under superorder chondrostei
1. Order Polypteriformes
2. Order Acipenseriformes
35
- Rhomboid Ganoid Scales
- Lobed Pectoral Fins
- Dorsal Fin composed of 8 or more Finlets
- Ossified Skeleton
- Example: Polypetrus ornatipinnis (Ornate Bichir)
Order Polypteriformes
36
scales of Order Polypteriformes
rhomboid ganoid
37
pectoral fins of Order Polypteriformes
lobed
38
dorsal fin of Order Polypteriformes
composed of 8 or more finlets
39
skeleton of Order Polypteriformes
ossified
40
example from Order Polypteriformes
Polypterus omatipinnis (Ornate Bichir)
41
- Scaleless except for Bony (Ganoid) scutes
- Largely Cartilaginous Skeleton
- Example: Acipenser transmontanus (White sturgeon)
Order Acipenseriformes
42
scales of order acipensiformes
scaleless except for bony (ganoid) scutes
43
skeleton of order acipenseriformes
largely cartilaginous
44
example from order acipenseriformes
Acipenser transmontanus (White Sturgeon)
45
greek word holostei
1. holos = entire
2. osteon = bone
46
mouth size of superorder holostei
mouth size is small
47
tail fin of of superorder holostei
heterocercal
48
skeleton of superorder holostei
more ossified
49
order under superorder holostei
1. Order Amiiformes
2. Order Lepisosteiformes
50
- Cycloid scales
- Long Dorsal Fin - movement control
- Example: Amia calva (Bowfin)
Order Amiiformes
51
scales of order amiiformes
cycloid scales
52
dorsal fin of order amiiformes
long dorsal fin for movement control
53
example under order amiiformes
Amia calva (Bowfin)
54
- Long, torpedo-shaped bodies with elongated jaws and sharp teeth
- Armor-like ganoid scales
-Example: Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar)
Order Lepisosteiformes
55
body of order lepisosteiformes
long, torpedo-shaped
56
jaws and teeth of order lepisosteiformes
elongated jaws and sharp teeth
57
scales of order lepisosteiformes
armor-like ganoid scales
58
example of order lepisosteiformes
Lepisosteus osseus (Longnose Gar)
59
greek word teleostei
1. teleios = complete
2. osteon = bone
60
order under superorder teleostei
1. Order Perciformes
2. Order Cypriniformes
3. Order Clupeiformes
4. Order Scopeliformes
5. Order Anguilliformes
6. Order Beloniformes
7. Order Syngnathiformes
8. Order Channiformes
9. Order Symbranchiformes
10. Order Mastacembeliformes
11. Order Scorpaenifornies
12. Order Pleuronectiformes
13. Order Echeneiformes
14. Order Tetraodontiformes
15. Order Lophiformes or Pediculati
61
- largest order of fish, found in both freshwater and marine environments
- spiny and soft-rayed fins
- ctenoid scales
- homocercal tail
Order perciformes
62
fins of Order perciformes
spiny and soft-rayed
63
scales of Order perciformes
ctenoid scales
64
tail of Order perciformes
homocercal tail
65
example under Order perciformes
Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia)
66
- Largest Freshwater Fish Order - Over 4,000 species, mostly found inrivers, lakes, and ponds.
- No True Teeth in Jaws – Instead, they have pharyngeal teeth.
- Soft-Rayed Fins Without Spines
- Scales Can Be Cycloid or Absent
- Well-Developed Barbels in Some Species
- E.g. Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)
Order Cypriniformes
67
teeth of Order Cypriniformes
- have pharyngeal teeth
- no true teeth in jaws
68
fins of Order Cypriniformes
soft-rayed fins without spines
69
scales of Order Cypriniformes
can be cycloid or absent
70
what do some species under Order Cypriniformes have
well-developed barbels
71
example under Order Cypriniformes
Cyprinus carpio (Common Carp)
