book coordination chemistry

Question 1

d block metals are

Answer 1

lewis acids
they accept e- pairs

Question 2

ligands are

Answer 2

lewis bases
they donate e- to the metal ion

Question 3

ligands are usually

Answer 3

neutral (h2O, NH3)
an ionic (Cl-)

Question 4

what do ligands do to the metal ion

Answer 4

they coordinate to the metal ion to give a complex

Question 5

what is the donor atom in the ligand

Answer 5

the atom that supplies the e- pair

Question 6

how do u name a coordinate ligand

Answer 6

normally add an ido to the halogens

water = aqua

ammonia = ammine

Question 7

ligands with one donor atom are called

Answer 7

monodentate ligands

Question 8

ligands with 2 donor atoms are called

Answer 8

bidentate ligands

Question 9

what’s a polydentate ligand

Answer 9

a ligand that has more than 1 donor atom.

Question 10

what’s a chelating ligand

Answer 10

a polydentate ligand

a ligand with more than 1 donor atom

Question 11

what a chelate

Answer 11

a complex where it’s ligands are polydentate

Question 12

how do we find the oxidation state of the metal in complex ions

Answer 12

outer charge - ligand charges

Question 13

what is the coordination number of a complex

Answer 13

number of donor atoms that are bonded to the central metal ion.

Question 14

coordination number of 2 gives whqt geometry

Answer 14

linear
•-•-•

Question 15

coordination number of 3 gives what geometry

Answer 15

this complex is not very common

gives a trigonal planar shape.

Question 16

coordination number of 4 gives what geometry

Answer 16

tetrahedral

square planar

Question 17

coordination number of 5 gives what geometry

Answer 17

trigonal bipyramidal

square bipyramidal

(aside?)

Question 18

complex with 6 ligands gives what geometry

Answer 18

octahedral

trigonal prismatic

Question 19

complex with 7 ligands gives what geometry

Answer 19

pentagonal bipyramidal (5 equatorial, 2 axial )

capped trigonal prismatic

Question 20

what is needed to get from trigonal prismatic to octahedral

Answer 20

turn the molecule 60*

Question 21

what coordination number is most popular for the first row d block metals

Answer 21

octahedral
6

Question 22

how can 2nd and 3rd row TM have higher coordination numbers

Answer 22

they have a higher ionic radii

Question 23

name [Co(H2O)6]+2

Answer 23

hexaaquacobalt(||)

Question 24

name [Ni(NH3)6]+2

Answer 24

hexaamminenickel(||)

Question 25

what do u add to the name when the complex is anionic (has a - charge)

Answer 25

-ate is added to the metal

Question 26

name [NiCl4] -2

Answer 26

tetrachloridonickelate (||)

Question 27

how do we make different ligands in the same complex

Answer 27

write them alphabetically

Question 28

in the formula, what type of ligands are written first

Answer 28

the anionic ligands the - charged ligands

Question 29

additional prefix due to already having a prefix for the other ligands present

Answer 29

bis - 2 tris - 3 tetrakis - 4 pentakis - 5 hexakis - 6

Question 30

structural isomer

Answer 30

same empirical diff connectivity

Question 31

stereoisomer

Answer 31

same empirical same connectivity different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 32

coordination chemistry structural isomer examples

Answer 32

ionisation hydration coordination linkage

Question 33

coordination complex stereoisomer examples

Answer 33

geometrical isomers isomers with chiral centres

Question 34

structural: ionisation isomers

Answer 34

different inner and outer sphere combinations coordinated and non coordinated ligands switch.

Question 35

what’s a counter ion

Answer 35

a ionic ligand that is not coordinated

Question 36

structural isomers: hydrate ligands

Answer 36

different amounts of H2O in the inner and outer sphere

Question 37

hydration isomers and their colours (chromium)

Answer 37

[Cr(h2o)6]cl3. -> violet crystals [Cr(h2o)5 cl] cl2 • h2o -> blue/green [Cr(h2o)4 cl2 ] cl • 2h2o -> dark green [Cr(h2o)3 cl3 ] • 3h2o -> yellow

Question 38

if smt is removed rapidly, what sphere must it be present in

Answer 38

the outer sphere

Question 39

structural isomers: coordination isomers

Answer 39

when a coordination compound contains 2 complex ions. they exchange ligands (swap metals over between the 2 complex ions)

Question 40

structural isomers: linkage isomers

Answer 40

different donor atoms in an ambidentate ligand bond to the metal ion use of kappa - k x where x is the donor atom

Question 41

what’s an ambidentate ligand

Answer 41

a monodentate ligand with 2 donor atoms.

Question 42

stereoisomers: geometric isomers

Answer 42

important in the use of the complex (cis platin - anti cancer)(trans platin- no use) different spatial arrangement of ligands

Question 43

meridional geometric isomerism

Answer 43

octahedral line ligand lies on the meridian

Question 44

facial geometric isomerism

Answer 44

octahedral triangle type shape

Question 45

complexes can have a

Answer 45

enantiomer pair - chiral compounds - asymmetrical - non superimposable mirror images of eachother

Question 46

what’s an optical isomer

Answer 46

isomer with a chiral centre

Question 47

tetrahedral complex enantiomers: the metal ligand bond is

Answer 47

labile- the ligands can break off and change places allowing the enantiomers to rapidly interconvert and undergo racemization

Question 48

another type of chirality is seen in

Answer 48

octahedral geometries

Question 49

chirality in octahedral geometry occurs with

Answer 49

bidentate ligands

Question 50

what is the delta isomer

Answer 50

right handed clockwise helix

Question 51

what is the lambda isomer /\

Answer 51

left handed anti-clockwise helix

Question 52

what enantiomers are possible to isolate

Answer 52

the delta and lambda enantiomers they’re not labile

Question 53

chelate vs ambidentate

Answer 53

chelate = claw,, can coordinate at 2 different areas at once ambidentate: monodentate ligand but 2 diff possibilities