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LECOM anatomy > book FC on neck > Flashcards

book FC on neck Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the layer of fatty connective tissue that lies between the dermis of the skin and the investing layer of deep cervical fascia

A

cervical subcutaneous tissue

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2
Q

what fascial layer is the stylomandibular ligament a thickened modification of

A

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

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3
Q

what space is located between the 2 layers that enclose the SCM

A

suprasternal space

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4
Q

what does the suprasternal space enclose

A

inferior ends of the anterior jugular veins, jugular venous arch, fat and a few deep lymph nodes

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5
Q

what does the pre tracheal layer of deep fascia blend laterally with

A

carotid sheaths

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6
Q

what does the pre vertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia blend with inferiorly

A

endothoracic fascia peripherally and anterior longitudinal ligament centrally

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7
Q

what does the pre vertebral fascia extend laterally as

A

axillary sheath

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8
Q

what is the potential space that consists of loose CT between the visceral part of the pre vertebral layer and the buccopharyngeal fascia

A

retropharyngeal space

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9
Q

what region is the trunks of the brachial plexus and the spinal accessory nerve within

A

occipital triangle (within lateral cervical region)

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10
Q

what is the anterior border of the lateral cervical region

A

posterior border of the SCM

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11
Q

what is the posterior border of the lateral cervical region

A

anterior border of traps

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12
Q

what is the inferior border of the lateral cervical region

A

middle third of the clavicle between the traps and the SCM

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13
Q

what 4 muscles form the floor of the lateral cervical region

A

splenius wapitis, levator scapulae, middle scalene and posterior scalene

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14
Q

what artery lies deep to the omoclavicular triangle

A

subclavian artery

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15
Q

what is the thyrocervical trunk a branch of

A

subclavian artery

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16
Q

what does the cervicodorsal trunk further bifurcate into

A

superficial cervical artery and dorsal scapular artery

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17
Q

what 2 veins join in order to form the EJV

A

posterior division of retromandibular and posterior auricular veins

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18
Q

what 2 veins join in order to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian and IJV

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19
Q

where doe the 2 veins join to form the brachiocephalic vein

A

at the anterior border of the anterior scalene

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20
Q

describe the position of the cervical plexus

A

anteromedial to the levator scapulae and middle scalene muscles and deep to the SCM

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21
Q

where do the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus emerge

A

around the middle of the posterior border of the SCM (sometimes called the nerve point of the neck)

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22
Q

compare the crossing of the phrenic nerve on then left and right

A

on the right it crosses anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery; on the left it lies on the anterior scalene muscle and crosses anterior to the second part of the subclavian artery. on both sides, it runs posterior to the subclavian vein and anterior to the internal thoracic artery as it enters the thorax

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23
Q

what disorder causes the head to tilt toward and and the face to turn away from the affected side, due to a fibrous tumor that develops in the SCM

A

torticollis (L. fibromatosis colli)

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24
Q

what is the most commonly iatrogenic nerve injury

A

CN XI (located in lateral cervical region)

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25
where is the anesthetic injected for a cervical plexus block
several points along the posterior border of the SCM
26
what is the main injection site for a supraclavicular brachial plexus flock
superior to the midpoint of the clavicle
27
what does injury to the supra scapular nerve result in
loss of lateral rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint (causing the relaxed limb to rotate medially into the waiter's tip position)
28
where can the carotid pulse most easily be felt
where it lies in a groove between the trachea and the infra hyoid muscles
29
what muscles cover the brachiocephalic trunk anteriorly
right sternohyoid and sternothyroid muscles
30
what are the branches of the first part of the subclavian artery
vertebral, internal thoracic and thyrocervical trunk
31
what is the branch of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery
costocervical trunk
32
what often arises from the 3rd part of the subclavian artery
dorsal scapular artery
33
where does the AJV typically arise
near the hyoid from the confluence of superficial submandibular veins
34
what union is typically referred to as the venous angle
where the IJV ends posterior to the medial end of the clavicle by uniting with the subclavian vein to for the brachiocephalic angle
35
where does the vagus nerve exit the cranium
through the jugular foramen
36
what is the course of the right vagus nerve to enter the thorax
passes anterior to the first part of the subclavian artery and posterior to the brachiocephalic vein and SC joint to enter the thorax
37
describe the course of the left vagus nerve to enter the thorax
descends between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries and posterior to the SC joint to enter the thorax
38
describe the loop of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve
loops inferior to the right subclavian artery at T1-T2 vertebral level
39
describe the loop of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve
loops inferior to the arch of the aorta at T4-T5 vertebral level
40
where are the phrenic nerves formed
at the lateral borders of the anterior scalene muscles
41
where does the stellate ganglion typically lie
anterior to the transverse process of C7
42
what level is the middle cricoid ganglion typically found
at the level of the cricoid cartilage and the transverse process of C6 vertebra, just anterior to the vertebral artery
43
what level is the superior cervical ganglion typically found
C1 and C2 vertebrae
44
what is horner's syndrome characterized by
contraction of pupil, drooping of the superior eyelid, sinking of the eye, vasodilation and absence of sweating on face and neck
45
what lesion occurs with horner's syndrome
lesion of a cervical sympathetic trunk
46
what vertebral body level is the larynx located at
level of vertebral bodies of C3-C6 vertebrae
47
what is the most vital function of the larynx
guarding the air passages
48
what are the 3 single cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton
thyroid, cricoid and epiglottic
49
what are the 3 paired cartilages of the laryngeal skeleton
arytenoid, corniculate and cuneiform
50
what vertebral level is the thyroid cartilage found opposite of
C4 vertebra
51
what is the official name for the opening between the vocal folds
rima glottidis
52
what is the thin, submucosal sheet of connective tissue that extends between the lateral aspects of the arytenoid and epiglottic cartilages
quadrangular membrane
53
what supplies all of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid
the recurrent laryngeal nerve
54
what innervates the cricothyroid
Extrinsic laryngeal nerve
55
what are the principle adductors of the larynx
lateral crico-arytenoid muscles
56
what muscles pull the arytenoid cartilages together
transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles
57
what is the main action of the cricothyroid
stretches and tenses the vocal ligament
58
what is the main action of the thyro-arytenoid
relaxes vocal ligament
59
what is the main action of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscle
Abducts vocal folds
60
what is the main action of the lateral crico-arytenoid
adducts vocal folds
61
what is the main action of the vocalis
relaxes posterior vocal ligament while maintaining (or increasing) tension of the anterior part
62
what are the principle tensors of the larynx
crick-thyroid muscles
63
where does lymph superior to the vocal folds typically drain
superior deep cervical lymph nodes
64
where do the lymphatics inferior to the vocal folds drain
pre tracheal or paratracheal lymph nodes, which drain into the inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
65
what ganglion do the superior laryngeal nerves arise from
inferior vagal ganglion at the superior end of the carotid triangle
66
what nerve is the continuation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
inferior laryngeal nerve
67
what does the thyroid ima artery, when present, arise from (typically)
brachiocephalic trunk
68
where do accessory thyroid glands typically occur
on the thyrohyoid muscle
69
what does goiter result from
lack of iodine
70
what is the usual sign of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury
hoarseness
71
what typically occurs as a result of laryngeal fractures
sub mucous hemorrhage and edema, respiratory obstruction, hoarseness, and sometimes temporary inability to speak
72
what happens to the voice when there is an injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
it becomes monotonous due to the paralyzed cricothyroid muscle (it is unable to vary the length and tension of the vocal fold)
73
where is the need inserted for a superior laryngeal nerve block in a conscious person
midway between the thyroid cartilage and the hyoid
74
what tonsils are removed with a typical tonsillectomy
palatine tonsils
75
what is another name for the pharyngeal tonsils
Adenoids
76
what is an abnormal canal that opens internally into the tonsillar sinus and externally on the side of the neck
branchial fistula
77
what is the most common birth defect of the esophagus
tracheo-esohpageal fistula
78
what lymph nodes are commonly enlarged with esophageal cancer
inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
79
where is the lymph from most of the superficial tissues of the neck drained
superficial cervical lymph nodes
80
where does lymph from the superior cervical lymph nodes drain
inferior deep cervical lymph nodes
81
where does the thoracic duct enter the left brachiocephalic vein
at the junction of the subclavian and IJVs (left venous angle)

LECOM anatomy (20 decks)

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