Booklet 2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
What is the meaning of concessions?
Zones within major cities that were controlled by foreigners
What is the phrase meaning an overseas territory directly ruled by Britain?
Crown colony
Who were the progressive elements?
The members of the imperial court that wanted China to modernise
Who were the reactionaries in the court?
Those who opposed reform
What were the boxers?
Anti western secret societies
What was the open door policy?
The USA’s policy which aimed to prevent European powers imposing unfair commercial agreements on China.
What does indigenous mean?
Something unique to an area
What was the tongmenghui?
A Nationalist league who wanted China to become a republic
Who was Sun Yatsen?
A western educated doctor who wanted to adopt western ideals of democracy, nationalism and socialism. He was banished to Japan after 1895 when he tried to stage a coup.
When was the first sin Japanese war? why did it increase Japanese interest in China?
1894 - Japan gained Korea + Taiwan in the treaty of Shimonseki
What political changes took place between 1870 - 94? (4)
- Guangxu 1875-1908
- Zongli Yamen run by Prince Gong he was removed from power in 1884
- new western ideas of democracy + republic filter into China
- Creation of GMD
What economic changes took place in China between 1870 - 94? (3)
- industrialisation
- westerners controlled trade in the treaty ports
- HSBC
What social changes took place between 1870-94?(5)
- middle class grew as a result of industrialisation
- politically apathetic peasantry
- foreign laws enforced on Chinese (ET)
- 50 TPs by 1900
Self Strengthening Movement
What cultural changes took place in China between 1870-94? (4)
- foreign language schools
- educated abroad (eg) SYS)
- Western music, clothing etc; in TP eg) Shanghai
- more educated classes wanted to adopt/ adapt to expel the foreign devils
What years did the Meiji Revolution take place?
1868-73
What was the impact of The Meiji Revolution?
inspired by Prussia TMR was a fast paced industrial revolution which increased Japanese Military and Economic might
How did Japan’s Geography allow it to modernise more successfully than China?
smaller size = strong central government
Fra East - insulated from western interference
How did Japan’s Receptivity allow it to modernise more successfully than China?
Chinese had 2000 years of assumed cultural authority, Japan had historically ‘borrowed culture’ from Korea and China, so was not unusual. ADOPT/ADAPT
What are the CAUSES of the first Sino- Japanese war? (1894/5)
- shared influence in Korea - notify each other of presence
- Treaty of Gungwha between Korea and Japan in 1885 opened up ports in Japan increasing military might
- Tianjin convention - treated them as equals
- Meiji more successful than SSM
What were the EVENTS of the 1894/95 war?
Japanese arrive first (China are dealing with French)
China arrive with British transport - suck by Japan
land battles at Seoul - pushed over Yalu river
Japan seize Port Arthur
Naval Battles - Japan sink Chinese new navy
Japan seize Taiwan and Korea
What were the main terms of The Treaty of Shimonseki?
Korea in independent protectorate of Japan
200 million taels to Japan in reparations
4 more treaty ports eg) Chong Ching
Taiwan + some Manchuria
Japanese have the right to industrialise any treaty ports
How did the Sino Japanese war upset the South-East Asian regional hierarchy?
China was less developed than japan which went against the Confucian order + Japan used to be a tributary state to China
How might Japanese development be a model for China to follow?
fast paced modernisation over 40 years, East Asian Co prosperity sphere against west - old fashioned values of cultural superiority
Who was Li Hongzhang? + 3 facts to support
Government Minister who convinced Cixi to modernise using government funds.
1) sent people to be educated abroad
2) entrepreneur 1872 Merchants steam ship company
3) diplomatic - negotiated with the French
