Bosnia Hertzagovina Flashcards
(30 cards)
what did Dkyer and Vejvoda state?
the role of external intervention was like that which the country had done historically
it is only a stepping stone to success
there was no velvet divorce therefore there will be no happy ending
just generally very critical of the Dayton accords
what did the final deal establish in terms of territory?
the federation of Bosnia Herzagovina (croat and Bosniak) and the
Republika Srpska
how was the deal good for the Bosnian Serbs?
they got their own semi-autonomous base
The human rights aspect of the agreement according to Malcom (2002)
it is largely dependent on the good faith of the authorities involved
what elements were present in the DA?
confederational and consocational
what aspects of consocationalism were built into the DA?
power sharing - in the joint parliament and presidents
mutual veto
proportionality - parliament is elected though open list PR
communal autonomy - in relation to the fact that they are 2 separate entities with their own juridiction
How has the consocational aspects of DA been criticised?
that it distinguishes identities as opposed to building them together - however Tonge states that utopianism was in short supply in 1995 Bosnia
The Dayton accord acknowledged and legitimised, but did not deepen ethno-nationalism ?
Tonge
what about the bottom up approach to the DA?
DAs ambitions for a joint army and closer integration were outweighed by the grass root realities
the limits of the DA?
Bosnia failed to form a government for 14 months in a row in 2010-2011
Irwin 2012
3/5 of citizens in Bosnia would regard its break up as unacceptable but this does not mask ethnic differences with only 36% of serbs saying this
spoiler groups?
numerous but too divided to pose any short of threat
Harland 2006?
External peaceing was high in Bosnia – at the height one peace keeper present for 68 bosnians (Cousens and Harland 2006)
Chandler 2000
High representative an external actor whose role is to ensure that the DA is adhered to – not very effective just seem to sack a lot of people have attacked criticism – interference with the democratic process
what other aspect were external actors involved within Bosnia?
financing
relation to war criminals?
DA established a court - a lot have been sentenced
what is a success of the DA?
no groups is oppressed
Peaceful co-existence is the most realistic form of peace within BH
Tonge
Dayton has worked as a peace process however as a political project designed to engender primarily loyalty to a Bosnian state, it remains in the starting stalls
Tonge
Bosnia Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia on 1st march 1992, triggering a secessionist bid by the country’s Serbs backed by Belgrade, and a war that left about 100,000 dead
Bosnia Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia on 1st march 1992, triggering a secessionist bid by the country’s Serbs backed by Belgrade, and a war that left about 100,000 dead
what are aspirations of the different segments?
republicka srpska seeks greater autonomy, croat parties angle for a 3rd entity and bosniak parties want a more centrally governed state
what is the population and break down of the segments?
3.8 million overall
48% - Bosniak
37.1% - Serb
14.3% - Croat
president? (4)
- 3 operate in a tripartide system taking turns to be in power,
- 1 from each represented group
- elected though simple plurality
- foreign affairs, military and diplomatic issue are in there jurisdiction
what are the 2 levels of the bicameral system?
house of representative and the house of the peoples
