Consocationalism Flashcards
(29 cards)
• “Consociational democracy means government by elite cartel designed to turn a democracy with a fragmented political culture into a stable democracy”
Lijphart 1969
Lijphart 1969 definition of consocationalism?
• “Consociational democracy means government by elite cartel designed to turn a democracy with a fragmented political culture into a stable democracy”
What are the ways of explain deeply divided societies?
- Coinciding cleavages (Lijphart 1969)
- Little mobility between social segments (Lehmbruch 1974)
- “ingroup – out group differentiation” (Nordlinger 1972)
Federalism?
Nordlinger (1972) states there is an issue with this as it can lead sucessionists to demand more and lead to more unrest
However
Lijphart states that there is no evidence to support this, and the if it is done under the right circumstances it can be okay!
criticism of mutual veto?
states that non-decision is better than the majority taking the decision (Nordlinger 1972)
How did Lijphart widen consocationalism?
he included consensus democracy as well as the 4 characteristics
what are the 4 characteristics attributable to consocationalism?
- mutual veto
- grand collation
- proportionality
- communal autonomy
what are characteristics associated with consensus democracy?
bicameralism judicial review independent central bank oversized cabinets separation of powers entrenched constitution
Are consensus democracy and consocationalism closely related?
Andeweg (2000)
What is the difference between consensus democracy and consocationalism?
consensus democracy encourages power sharing consoctionalism requires it
is consocationalism the final solution?
no it should be considered as a transitional phase in the slow process of social integration (Linder 1998)
Elites role in the process?
the elites who solve the problem through consocational are the ones who create the problem that requires consocationsim in the first place (Andeweg 2000)
Halpern (1986) about the grand collation?
states that a grand coalition becomes a catch all concepts used to describe any form of quasi governance
What is Andewegs response to Halperns criticism
this does not invalidate the form of consocationalism
what is a criticism of consocationalism? with relation to the circularity of the argument?
its like saying that there will be no fights on the playground if the children stop quailing (Andeweg 2000)
what could be used to back up the circularity criticism of consocationalism?
the moment of ripeness
what could be used to counter the circularity of consocationalism?
the prescriptive nature of consocationalism
what is the criticism made by Daalder (1974)
consocationalism does not explain why deeply divided societies emerge
What did Barry say with relation to domestic disputes?
it is a question of if it should be a country at all as opposed to how the country should be run
Tsebeli (1990) with relation to elites position?
elites should be secure within their position, as they will not act on behalf of the majority therefore consocationalism will be more likely to be sucessful
What did Lijphart state was a potential consequence of consocationalism?
ineffectiveness and indeciveness
consocationalism and democracy?
Lustick (1997) states that it would damage democracy
Lijpharts response to lack of democracy?
it is nothing for democrats to be ashamed of
what is Andewigs conclusion with the democratic nature of consocationalism?
it depends what the purpose of democracy is - is it representative function (consocationalism fails) however if it is to prevent tyranny (then consocationalism successes)
