Botany Lab Flashcards

(103 cards)

1
Q

Importance of Plant to Human and animals

A
  1. Food
  2. Fiber
  3. Fuel
  4. Medicine
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2
Q

Microscope is invented by:

A

Gallleo Galloi
Zaccharias Jansen & Hans Lipperhey

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3
Q

Microscope is invented by:

A

Gallleo Galloi
Zaccharias Jansen & Hans Lipperhey

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4
Q

Uses of micrascope

A

Botanical Field
Biological Field
Crime Investigation
Educational Field
Medical Field

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5
Q

Types of microscope.

A

Simple Microscope
2 fight microscope a Compound
b. Desecting (stereomicroscop
3 electron microscope
Transtion Electron Microscope
Scanning Electron Microscope
Scanning Tunneling Microscopi

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6
Q

The chromosome are at the poles, and are becoming more diffuse. The nuclear envelope reforming
The

A

Telophase

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7
Q

The chromatids of each chromosome have separated and are moving toward the poles.

A

Anaphase

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8
Q

The chromatids of each chromosome have separated and are moving toward the poles.

A

Anaphase

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9
Q

Thick colled chromosomes, each with two chromatids, are lined up on the metaphase plate.

A

Metaphase

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10
Q

an instrument that can magnify images of cells and tissues up to hundreds or even thousand times of their actual size.

A

Microscope

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11
Q

First perfected the device known as microscope

A

Galileo Galileo

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12
Q

first men to develop the concept of compound microscope

A

Zaccharias Janssen & Hans Lipperhey –

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13
Q

– require most material being examined to be sliced thinly enough for the light to pass through.

A

a. Compound

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14
Q

allow three dimensional viewing of opaque objects.

A

b. Dissecting (stereomicroscope) –

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15
Q

detailed images of tiny structures within the cell)

A
  1. electron microscope
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16
Q

can magnify up to 200, 000 and more.

A

Transition Electron Microscope -

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17
Q

urface detail of thick objects can be observe when the scanner makes the object visible on a cathode tube like a TV screen.

A

Scanning Electron Microscope – s

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18
Q

uses minute probe that tunnels electrons upon a sample.

A

Scanning Tunneling Microscope –

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19
Q

uses minute probe that tunnels electrons upon a sample.

A

Scanning Tunneling Microscope –

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20
Q

1.Separates the objective and the eyepiece and assures continuous alignment of the optics.

A

Body tube

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21
Q

2.Holds the objective lenses
3

A

Revolving nosepiece

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22
Q
  1. Magnifies 10x and is useful for examining large specimens or surveying many smaller specimens
A

Low power objective lens

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23
Q

4.Shortest objective and is useful for getting a general overview of a slide.

A

Scanning objective lens

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24
Q

Magnifies 40x and is ideal for observing very fine detail.

A

High-power objective lens

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25
6.Holds the slide in place
Stage clip
26
7.regulates the amount of light on the specimen
Diaphragm
27
7.regulates the amount of light on the specimen
Diaphragm
28
8.projects light upward through the diaphragm, the specimen and the lenses.
Light source
29
9.Contains the ocular lens, used to view specimen
Eyepiece
30
10.Used to support the microscope when carried
Arm
31
11. Supports the slides being viewed
Stage
32
12.Moves the stage up and down for focusing
Coarse adjustment knob
33
13.Moves the stage slightly to sharpen image
Fine adjustment knob
34
14. Supports the microscope
Base
35
14. Supports the microscope
Base
36
Describe how to properly carry a microscope from one place to another.
Carry with both hands. Grasp the arm with one hand and place the other hand under the base for support.
37
How do you properly focus on a specimen?
a. Move the stage down to its lowest position. b. Place the glass slide onto the stage. Be careful pushing it under the clips that the cover slide doesn't move or crack. C. Select the lowest power objective lens. Use the lowest magnification first to achieve best focus. d. Turn the coarse focus knob slowly until you can see the cells. e. Turn the fine focus knob slowly until the cells are in focus and you can see them clearly.
38
How do you properly focus on a specimen?
a. Move the stage down to its lowest position. b. Place the glass slide onto the stage. Be careful pushing it under the clips that the cover slide doesn't move or crack. C. Select the lowest power objective lens. Use the lowest magnification first to achieve best focus. d. Turn the coarse focus knob slowly until you can see the cells. e. Turn the fine focus knob slowly until the cells are in focus and you can see them clearly.
39
3. Some microscopes have a fourth lens called the oil immersion objective (010). How is this used and how much is the magnifying power?
Oil immersion objective is used for examining details of individual cells (e.g. red blood cells). Its magnifying power is 1000x.
40
4. Discuss parfocal lenses.
Parfocal lens is a lens that stays in focus when magnification/focal length is changed.
41
A person tells you to close one eye when looking through a microscope so that you will properly see the object. Will you follow the person's advice? Why or why not?
Do not follow the person's advice. Look through the microscope with both eyes open to avoid eye strain.
42
What consists of the vegetative part and the reproductive part of the shoot system?
• Vegetative part- roots, stems, shoot, buds, leaves Reproductive part- flowers, seeds
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- roots, stems, shoot, buds, leaves
• Vegetative part
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flowers, seeds
Reproductive part-
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flowers, seeds
Reproductive part-
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flowers, seeds
Reproductive part-
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Floral parts in multiples of 3
Monocot
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Two cotyledon
Dicot
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Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5 3.
Dicot
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Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5 3.
Dicot
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Long, narrow leat, parallel veins
Monocot
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Long, narrow leat, parallel veins
Monocot
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Broad leaf, network of veins
Dicot
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Single cotyledon Long, narrow leat, parallel veins Vascular bundles scattered Floral parts in multiples of 3
Monocot
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Two cotyledon Broad leaf, network of veins Vascular bundles in a ring Floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5
Dicot
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(flowering plants) have seeds enclosed within an ovary
Angiosperms
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have no flowers/fruits and have enclosed/naked seeds.
gymnosperms
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all the parts below the ground
Roots System –
59
branching structure that extend into spaces in the soil and absorb water and mineral nutrients delivering them to rest of the plant.
Roots –
60
– where some plant store starches (ex. Potato) for them to grow year after year, the energy in starch allow them to grow even though they don’t have leaves for photosynthesis.
Tubers
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– secondary plant stem that grows horizontally -provides stability for the plant esp. it grows supplemental roots (grasses)
Rhizome
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- vegetative or structural part – stem (central structure, connects other parts to the roots) and leaves
Shoot System
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- vegetative or structural part – stem (central structure, connects other parts to the roots) and leaves
Shoot System
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-reproductive part – – contains plants reproductive organ, some are hermaphroditic (contains both male and female reproductive organ
Flower
65
-reproductive part – – contains plants reproductive organ, some are hermaphroditic (contains both male and female reproductive organ
Flower
66
The nucleolus and the nuclear envelope are distinct and the chromosomes are in the form of threadlike chromatin.
Interphase
67
The chromosomes appear condensed, and the nuclear envelope in not apparent.
Prophase
68
Thick, coiled chromosomes, each with two chromatids, are lined up on the metaphase plate.
Metaphase
69
The chromatids of each chromosome have separated and are moving toward the poles.
Anaphase
70
The chromosomes are at the poles, and are becoming more diffuse. The nuclear envelope is reforming. The cytoplasm may be dividing.
Telophase
71
(part of telophase) Division into two daughter cells is completed.
Cytokinesis
72
What occurs during each stage of Mitosis?
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
73
8 stages(including interphase)
Meiosis
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Happens in somatic cells
Mitosis
75
Happens in somatic cells
Mitosis
76
Purpose: cellular proliferation
Mitosis
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4 stages(including interphase)
78
Purpose: sexual reproduction
Meiosis
79
Chromosome number is halved in each daughter cell
Meiosis
80
Chromosome number is halved in each daughter cell
Meiosis
81
Chromosome number remains the same
Mitosis
82
Genetic variation increased
Meiosis
83
Genetic variation doesn't change
Mitosis
84
Genetic variation doesn't change
Mitosis
85
Genetic variation doesn't change
Mitosis
86
Importance of meiosis
Mitosis is important for growth especially in young and embryonic organisms It also replenishes old and sick cells. Maintain uniformity within species.
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: digests food.
Lysosome
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: metabolizes waste
Peroxisome
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: DNA plus associated proteins.
Chromatin
90
Reserve food stored in the form of starch
Plant cell
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Reserve food stored in the form of starch
Plant cell
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Reserve food stored in the form of starch
Plant cell
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Reserve food stored in the form of glycogen
Animal cell
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entrosome isabsent but two small clearareas called holarcan are present. These participate in cell division
Plant. Cell
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Prominent andhighly complex olor hodies present near the nucleus
Animal cell
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genes and their function
Genomics -
97
– Plant function
Plant physiology
98
practical uses of plants and plant products
Economic botany and ethnobotany –
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practical uses of plants and plant products
Economic botany and ethnobotany –
100
science of cell structure and function, how cells multiply, how their various components perform, and sexual reproduction
Cell biology –
101
science of cell structure and function, how cells multiply, how their various components perform, and sexual reproduction
Cell biology –
102
study of how and why plants are distributed
Plant geography –
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study of how and why plants are distributed
Plant geography –