Bottom up - SPARC (1)

Question 1

What was the focus?

Answer 1

Focused on slums areas in Mumbai, including Dharavi - one of Asia’s largest informal settlement

Question 2

What is SPARC?

Answer 2

An NGO working with local people to improve living conditions, in partnerships with slum dwellers’ associations and local authorities, to build community toilet blocks designed and maintained by local residents.

Question 3

Benefits

Answer 3

• Replaces unsafe, unhygienic shared toilets and open defecation
• Provides clean, well-maintained toilets with water and lighting
• Each block serves around 100 families, with small user fees for maintenance
• Empower local people
• Improves public health, dignity and safety
• Creates local jobs in construction and cleaning

Question 4

Challenges

Answer 4

• Limited funding can’t reach every slum
• Not all communities are organised or willing to cooperate
• Requires long-term maintenance and commitment
• Some residents prefer private toilets but can’t afford them

Question 5

Bottom up is driven by community, and its not imposed from above, therefore it meets the real and local needs.
Improves sanitation and reduces diseases.
Supports long-therm development goals