Uk's Evolving Human Landscape (2) Flashcards
(18 cards)
Where is Uk’s poverty concentrated?
- Areas that used to be manufacturing centres
Because the decline of the Uk manufacturing sectors has lowered the quality of living people in these areas - Some isolated rural areas also suffer from poverty
Due to de-population, high unemployment and loss of services
Where is the most percentage of young people found? And why?
- In urban areas
- Lots of young people move to the cities to go to university
- Lots of graduate jobs are also in major cities
Where does most of the economic activity happens?
- In the cities
- London produces 25% of the Uk’s GDP
What economic sectors dominate urban areas?
Secondary (e.g manufacturing), tertiary, and quaternary (e.g retail, finance)
What economic sectors dominate rural areas?
Primary industry (e.g farming and agriculture) as well as seasonal tourism in some areas
Give some examples of governmental policies that are trying to reduce differences in wealth between the wealthy urban cores and deprived rural areas
- Creation of enterprise zones (Businesses who set up in enterprise zones get lower ‘business rate’ and tax relief on investments)
- The Northern Powerhouse (Plan to create a ‘London of the North’)
- Investing in transport infrastructure
- Promoting regional development
What are the impacts of migration of the age structure?
- Most of the migrants are aged 16-64, so they are more likely to be working age
- Most migrants are 20-30, so they will have more children. The birth rate among migrants is high
Compare the importance of London in attracting FDI, with the rest of the UK
London is more important than the rest of the UK in attracting FDIs, because it is the UK’s economic and financial centre.
It hosts the headquarters of many global banks, and multinational companies.
London also has excellent transport links, and highly skilled workforces, which encourages businesses to invest there.
In contrast, the rest of the UK attracts less FDIs because many other cities and regions do not have the same level of infrastructure.
Explain one reason for the regional variation in FDI
Difference in infrastructure between regions, for example London and South East of England have better transport links, which make them more attractive to foreign investors
How has international migrations influenced London’s character?
International migration influenced London’s character by making it one of the most diverse and multicultural cities in the world. Where people brought with them different languages, religions, foods, music and festivals
Explain two reasons why some parts of London have experienced decline
- Deindustrialisation, led to job losses and caused economic decline in areas that depended on the industries
- Social deprivation, where some areas have high levels of poverty, unemployment, and poor housing. This can result from a lack of investment and limited access to good services like schools and healthcare
The Uk was a member of the EU. 45% of the UK’s exports and 53% of the UK’s imports in 2018 were with the EU
Transport in the UK
- London is the best-connected city in the UK
- It has 4 airports, and Heathrow is the 7th busiest airport in the world
- Trains from Kings Cross-St Pancreas travel through the Channel Tunnel to Paris, Brussels and Amsterdam
What is the Commonwealth?
Is the legacy left by the British Empire
- The aim is to help all of the countries in the Commonwealth
Electronic communication
The underwater fibre optic cables that allow communications and internet traffic to go between Europe and the UK are mainly connected to the UK
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the UK
Services that the government was previously in control of, have now been offered to private firms. This has helped to increase FDI because:
- Foreign firms can now purchase UK private firms or merge them with their own business
What are the advantages of Transnational Corporations (TNCs)
- Creating jobs. Facebook and Google have just built large headquarters in London, employing thousands of people
- Large-scale projects, which the UK government wouldn’t be able to afford otherwise, can be constructed
- The productivity of other firms can be increased by the cutting-edge products, technology and business methods associated with TNCs
What are the disadvantages of Transnational Corporations?
- The UK’s economy can be affected by events on the other side of the world if they are too dependent on TNCs
- The UK’s economy can be affected if TNCs decide to move or switch suppliers
- Local businesses usually can’t compete with the powerful TNCs
- Depending on foreign TNCs, means that there are fewer powerful UK businesses to create jobs if the UK has to rely on its own businesses
