Bourgogne Flashcards
(132 cards)
1
Q
What is Bourgogne Climate
A
Continental climate with Atlantic influence in the north and med in the south.
2
Q
What river is to the east?
A
Saône but no temp moderating influence
3
Q
where does bud breaks a week early?
A
Maconnais due to its warmer climate starts beginning of sept, where Chablis begins end of the month.
4
Q
What are Bourgogne soils
A
The soils of Bourgogne are largely limestone and marls. Due to it sitting on the edge of the Paris Basin. Oldest Marine Deposit in the south and youngest in the north.
5
Q
What is Terroir
A
The difference between different vineyard sites
6
Q
What is the significance of Gamay grape?
A
native grape to Bourgogne. It is used in regional wines. But it is the sole red grape in the reds and roses of Macon, which carries a DGC.
7
Q
What is the significance of Chadonnay grape?
A
Primary White Grape, except in Saint Bris, Bouzeron and Bourgogne Aligote.
8
Q
What is the significance of Pinot Noir grape?
A
Primary red. Premier and Grand Crus and typically the backbone to roses.
9
Q
What is the significance of Aligote grape?
A
second important white grape. Only one used in Bouzeron AOC and Bourgogne Aligote AOC. It is a natural Pinot x Gouais cross.
Wines labeled Bourgogne Aligote: These are white wines made from 100% Aligoté. The vineyards are found right across Bourgogne – even in some very famous villages.
With Crème de Cassis liqueur added to it, Bourgogne Aligoté is famously the base for a Kir cocktail.
10
Q
What is the significance of Cesar grape?
A
Rare red grape. Can be used in regional wines from departement of Yonne.- near Chablis and can be blended with Pinot Noir in Irancy AOC.
11
Q
What is the significance of Pinot Gris grape?
A
known locally as Pinot Beurot, authorized for white and reds in many appelations. Marsannay and Bourgogne rose wines are Pinot Gris. The rose can be 100%, but not common.
12
Q
What is the significance of Pinot Blanc grape?
A
may be used in many regional, village, Premier Cru and even Grand Cru appellations.
However, in practice it is very rarely used.
13
Q
What is the significance of Melon de Bourgogne grape?
A
also known by Melon, is s used for Coteaux Bourguignons and Crémant de Bourgogne.
14
Q
What is the significance of Sacy grape?
A
is a very rare white grape, only grown in the far north of Bourgogne and is chiefly used for Crémant de Bourgogne and is now permitted in Coteaux Bourguignons – as long as the vines were planted before 2009.
15
Q
What is the significance of Sauvignon Blanc grape?
A
Sauvignon Blanc is the primary grape of the Saint-Bris AOC – Sauvignon Gris is also authorized as a secondary variety for Saint-Bris.
Sauvignon Gris is a pink-skinned color mutation of Sauvignon Blanc. It is slightly more perfumed and fuller in body than Sauvignon Blanc
16
Q
By what name is Pinot Gris sometimes known in Bourgogne?
A
Pinot Beurot
17
Q
Who is Philippe the Bold?
A
1395 he outlawwed Gamy a “evil and disloyal plant”
18
Q
Who is John the Fearless
A
ruled 1404 to 1419, he was appointed guardian of the future king of france, but killed his brother Duke of Orleans to control the French state. Dauphins assassinated him.
19
Q
Who is Philippe the Good
A
Ruled 1419 to 1467. during his reign, he was allied with English, which helped Burgundy reach its high point of prestige and prosperity. His forces captured Joan of Arc and made the Hospices de Beaune (famous charity hospital). Over the centuries the Hospices has been bequeathed around 148 ac/60 ha of land – this constitutes a large estate in Bourgogne and most of the vineyards are Premier and Grand Cru. It also host the Wine Auction which was started in 1859, it influential in setting the vintage prices, huge celebration.
20
Q
Who is charles the rash
A
ruled 1467 - 1477. He sought to expand his terrotpry but died trying to conquer Alsace and Lorraine.
21
Q
Double-Barrelled Village Names?
A
In 1847, right before he lost power, King Louis Philippe, granted Gevrey the right to add the name to Chambertin, it’s most famous vineyard to the name of the village itself. Other famous vineyards followed suit like Puligny, Chassagne, Aloxe.
22
Q
Importants of the Monks?
A
Didn;t call it terrior, but they were aware that different parcels caused the same grape to have different characteristics. Due to the Monks work, in 1861 Agricultural committee of Beaune prodced a very detailed map of vineyrads in Cote d’Or. Classified in three ranks.
23
Q
When was Bourgogne boundaries legally defined?
A
- In 1936 AOC legislation gave form and structured the parcels “climats”. Most of the first class vineyards were classified as Grand Cru AOC in 1861.
24
Q
Which Duke of Burgundy outlawed Gamay?
A
Philippe the Bold
25
Grand Cru?
The Grands Crus are separate AOCs in their own right and the name of the village is not part of the wine name. Only the vineyard name appears on the label along with the words “Grand Cru.”
Chablis is an exception to this rule with the village name – Chablis – always appearing on the label.
There are 33 Grand Cru vineyards in Bourgogne. Together these make up 1% of the total production (2019).
26
Village AOC
This smaller production zone – than the regional wines – means the wines can have the characters typical of that village's style.
If the grapes come from a specific site – a lieu-dit or single vineyard – that name may also appear on the label.
The wine can also be a blend of different vineyards within the village. There are 44 village AOCs comprising 37% of Bourgogne’s total production (2019).
27
Premier Cru
are not AOCs in their own right, but are specific vineyards within the village AOCs. A Premier Cru comes from a single vineyard – or climat – with a reputation for producing high-quality wine. The name of the vineyard appears on the label along with the village name and the words “Premier Cru” or “1er Cru”.
Sometimes a wine is blended from more than one Premier Cru climat. In that instance the the words “Premier Cru” are on the label, but there will be no vineyard name.
28
What is a commune
is the smallest administrative unit. Most villages are also communes, but some communes are created by unifying 2 villages – or sometimes more – under a single mayor and administration. That is why village wines are frequently called commune – or communal – wines.
29
Wines labeled Bourgogne
Wine labelled purely as Bourgogne can be made from grapes grown anywhere in the region - although some are from specific parcels of land with no other AOC.
White regional Bourgogne is normally 100% Chardonnay.
Red regional Bourgogne is normally 100% Pinot Noir.
However, both can include Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris.
Some can include César if grown in the north of Bourgogne near Chablis.
30
Bourgogne Gamay
This forms part of the Bourgogne AOC and is not a separate appellation.
The wine must be 85% or more Gamay and the grapes must come from the Beaujolais Crus.
31
The Mâcon AOC
The Mâcon AOC covers the Mâconnais sub-region.
However, it is classified as a regional AOC. Therefore wine from Mâcon can legally be labeled Bourgogne – but not the other way around.
Mâcon whites are 100% Chardonnay
Reds and rosés are made from Pinot Noir and Gamay – often blended.
32
Macon village wine
Mâcon-Villages wines can only be white and are made from Chardonnay.
33
Coteaux Bourguignons
formerly AOC Bourgogne Grand Ordinaire – is the most general of the regional AOCs and can also be used by Beaujolais producers.
The white wines can be made from Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Aligoté and Melon.
Red wines can be made from Gamay and/or Pinot Noir and from César if grown in the north around Chablis.
Rosé wines – also called Clairet – use the same primary grapes as reds, with the addition of Pinot Gris.
Some rare old vines – like Sacy – can also be used as long as they predate the creation of the AOC and cannot any longer be planted.
34
Crémant de Bourgogne
has to be made by the traditional method and must be aged for a minimum of 9 months on the lees.
Crémant de Bourgogne can only be white or rosé.
Main grape varieties are Pinot Noir, Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc and Pinot Gris – Gamay, Aligoté, Melon and Sacy can also be used.
35
A Crémant de Bourgogne labeled Eminent
Is required to undergo a minimum of 24 months aging sur lie.
This compares to 9 months required for regular crémant.
36
A Crémant de Bourgogne labeled Grand Eminent
must be aged for a minimum of 36 months sur lie plus spend 3 months more in the cellar between disgorgement and release.
It must be Brut – must receive less than 1.5%/15g/l dosage – and have a minimum of 10% alcohol.
Whites are made from Chardonnay and Pinot Noir only. Rosé can include up to 20% Gamay.
Only the first 75% of the juice extracted from the press can be used for Grand Eminent.
37
Whats the significance of Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains wines?
Bourgogne Passe-tout-grains – or Passetoutgrains – is red or rosé and must be a blend of at least 30% Pinot Noir and at least 15% Gamay.
The grapes must be vinified together – Pinot Blanc, Pinot Gris and even Chardonnay may be included if the wine is a field blend.
38
Whats the significance of Bourgogne Bourgogne Mousseux wine?
Bourgogne Mousseux is a traditional-method sparkling red wine made primarily from Gamay and/or Pinot Noir. In the Grand Auxerrois, César may also be used.
Although a niche style today, there is a long tradition of Sparkling Red Bourgogne.
The wine must age for at least 9 months on the lees and must be at least 3.5 atms.
39
T/F in 1986 there was more white produced?
false, red made up 60%, the rest was white, rose, and sparkling
40
T/F in 2019 there was more white produced?
True, white wine makes up 60%, the rest is red, rose, and sparkling
41
Irancy AOC is a red wine made chiefly from Pinot Noir, but what other grape variety can make up to 10% of the blend?
César
42
In Bourgogne, which AOC is for sparkling red wines made by the traditional method?
Bourgogne Mousseux
43
What is a Négociants?
companies purchase grapes or even wine from small growers. then bottle and market it. today, some Négociants are growers and sell domaine bottled wines.
44
What is a micro-Négociants?
Recent trend, work on smaller scale, focus on individual sites or appellations and produce terroir based high end micro-cuvees.
45
in Bourgogne, Lieu-Dit
Named place, these sites are refering to a geographic feature within a single commune and not always to do with wine. Regional and village wine labels.
46
Clos Du Cromin - Lieu Dit
are not premier crus, but are seen as high quality grapes. more specific than village wines.
47
La Vaucrain Lieu Dit
wines are only entitled to a regional AOC, but from a single site.
48
lutte raisonée
This literally means “reasoned struggle” – or “measured control”. It is an approach to viticulture which minimizes the use of chemicals and ensures they are used only when absolutely necessary – not as a matter of routine.
49
organic farming methods.
8.6% of vineyards are organic or in conversion – as of 2017.
A number of noted Bourgogne producers have also converted to biodynamics, including Domaine de la Romanée-Conti and Domaine Leflaive.
50
Vine Training
Guyot and Cordon (mainly used for Pinot.
51
T/F Machine harvest is extensively used in Chablis and Macconais?
True!
52
T/F handharvesting is dominate in Cote d'Or
True
53
Where do you find both hand harvesting and machine harvesting?
Cote Chalonnaise. Premier cru are hand picked but lesser wines are machine.
54
Fermentation style for Bourgogne whites
Regional AOC - usually in stanless steal tanks or 228 liter barrels (or combination of both)
55
Fermentation style for Chablis and Macconais white wines?
Most Mâconnais and Chablis wines are fermented – and aged – in stainless steel, concrete or in neutral oak casks.
New oak barrels – or casks – give the most oak flavor. This reduces with each year of use and after five years they give no more flavor – so are neutral. They do however still let the air in through the grain and so oxidate – and so soften – the wine. Neutral oak adds no oak flavor.
56
Fermentation style for Cote d'Or and Côte Chalonnaise white wines?
Oak maturation is normal for white wines in the Côte d'Or and Côte Chalonnaise – especially for the Premiers Crus and Grands Crus.
New barrels give the most oak flavor, so older barrels tend to be used with a percentage of new oak as well – typically between 20-50%. The richer wines – especially Grand Cru – will have the highest proportion of new oak.
Bâtonnage is usually carried out during the maturation. This lees stirring integrates flavors and develops those bready complex characters and a creamy texture as well.
57
What is Premox?
White Bourgogne aging too quickly – or becoming completely oxidized.
Current thinking is that has multiple causes. Different clones, fully ripe fruit, less use of sulfur and less bâtonnage remain primary suspects. Winemakers are taking action on all of these causes and premox is far less widely seen than it was ten years or so ago.
58
What is Rose de Marsanay
the village, Marsannay-la-Cote is the only northernmost village AOC of the Cote de Nuits. Marsannay AOC s famously the only village AOC that makes wines of all three colors and the only village AOC to make AOC Rose: Rose de Marsanay.
59
Which village AOC is the only one allowed to produce Rosé?
Marsannay
60
What is the capacity of the traditional Bourgogne barriques – or barrel ?
228 liters
61
4 areas of Grand Auxerrois
four small wine producing areas: Auxerrois, Tonnerrois, Vézelien and Jovinien.
62
What kind of wine does Irancy make?
red, mostly pinot noir but they do have cesar there. in Chablis/Auxerrois
63
What kind of wine does Saint Bris make?
white, Sauvignon blanc and Sauvignon gris. in Chablis/Auxerrois
64
What kind of wine does Epineuil DGC make?
red, for the Tonnerrois region within Chablis.
65
What is Chablis AOC soil
Kimmeridgean soil
66
What is Petit Chablis AOC soils
Portlandian, less minerally.
67
Chablis AOC
Chablis vineyards are clustered around the village of Chablis on the slopes of the Serein River Valley. The soils here are mainly Kimmeridgean marl, although some Chablis is grown in Portlandian soils too – see the section below.
These wines are normally fermented and aged in stainless steel – Chablis is generally a pure style of wine and is usually made without oak. If oak is used it is neutral and adds no oak flavor.
68
Chables Premier Cru
These vineyards are on slopes with some sort of south-facing exposure. The style is ripe, but mineral, with high acidity. Generally they are unoaked – if oak is used, it is neutral and gives no flavor to the wine.
The most famous Premier Cru sites are found around the Grand Cru vineyards on the right bank.
69
Chablis Grand Crus
Bougros, Preuses, Vaudesir, Grenouilles, Valmur, Les Clos, Blanchot. Grand Cru wines are usually aged a little in neutral oak.
Honorary between preuses and vaudesir is La Mountonne. it's a monopole.
70
Petit Chablis AOC
Petit Chablis is traditionally found at the top of the slopes – making them roughly equivalent to the Hautes Côte wines of the Côte d'Or. The soils here are harder Portlandian soils.
Petit Chablis vineyards tend to be at higher altitude and therefore cooler than Chablis, so the wines are generally more acidic than those from the Chablis AOC.
Because of the lack of Kimmeridgean marl, these wines are less mineral and more fruity than the other AOCs in Chablis.
71
What kind of wine does Vezelay AOC make?
white wine from Chardonnay. Grapes planted from roman time. within Chablis
72
What AOC within Chablis make red, white and rose?
DGC: Bourgogne Coulanges La Vineuse Bourgogne, Chitry, Bourgogne Cote Saint Jacques
73
What DGC only makes white wine in Chablis?
Bourgogne Tonnerre
74
What AOC does Chatillonnais produce under?
Bourgogne AOC and Cremant De Bourgogne AOC
75
What is the primary soil type where Petit Chablis is grown?
Portlandian
76
The Grand and Premier Cru vineyards of Chablis sit on what kind of soil?
Kimmeridgean marl
77
Cote d'Or Red Wines
Red wines from the Côte d’Or are usually made from 100% Pinot Noir.
However, small amounts of Pinot Gris – known locally as Pinot Beurot – as well as Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc can be used as well.
78
Cote d'Or White Wines
White wines from the Côte d’Or are usually made from 100% Chardonnay. However, Pinot Blanc can be used as well.
The Aligoté grape is widely grown across the Côte d’Or – however it is only used to make Bourgogne Aligoté. Aligoté cannot be used in any of the AOC of the Côte d’Or – with the exception of a single climat in Morey-Saint-Denis in the Côte de Nuits.
79
What grape does Morey-Saint-Denis get to use that no other AOC can in Cote de Nuits?
Aligoté
79
What are the vineyards referred to at the plateau of the slope in Cote de Nuits?
Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Nuits. Red, rose and white wines are produced here.
80
Marsannay AOC In Cotes de Nuits
red, white and rose. only village to have rose. Rose can be Pinot Noir and Pinot Gris.
81
Fixin AOC In Cotes de Nuits
mainly reds with a little white. Can label its wine as Cote de Nuits Village.
82
Gevrey Chambertin AOC In Cotes de Nuits
commune has the most grand crus, and largest village appellation in the cote d'Or.
83
Morey Saint Denis AOC In Cotes de Nuits
red and white (can use aligote in their whites). shares an Grand cru with Chambolle Musigny.
84
Red only AOC In Cotes de Nuits
Gevrey Chambertin AOC (fabulous), Vosne Romanee AOC (greatest of cote d'Or village level) and Chambolle Musigny AOC ( shares an Grand cru Morey Saint Denis AOC) .
85
Vougeot AOC In Cotes de Nuits
smallest wine commune in Cote d'Or. mostly reds, 3/2 production from sing grand cru Clos de Vougeot.
86
Cotes de Nuits Village AOC In Cotes de Nuits
Fixin, Brochon, Cotes de Nuits, Premeaux-Prisssey, Comblanchien and Corgolon.
87
Nuits Saint Georges AOC In Cotes de Nuits
second largest commune in Cote de Nuits. gave the name to the area.
88
Where are the Grand Crus located in the Cotes de Nuits
in the villages of: Gevrey-Chambertin, Morey-Saint-Denis, Chambolle-Musigny, Vougeot and Vosne-Romanée.
89
Which Côte de Nuits Grand Cru is the only one located at the bottom of a slope?
Clos de Vougeot
90
What are the vineyards referred to at the plateau of the slope in Cote de de Beaune?
Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune. Red, rose and white wines are produced here.
91
T/F: Chorey-les Beaune AOC, half of their production is labeled Cote de Beaune Villages?
true
92
T/F Ladoix-Serrigny AOC and Pernand Vergelesses AOC share 3 grand crus
true
93
Cote de Beaune's AOC that are red and white
Chorey-les Beaune AOC, Pernand Vergelesses AOC, Beaune AOC (premier and grand cru) Cote deBeaune AOC (no GC or PC), Monthelie AOC (mostly red), Auxey Duresses AOC, Santenay AOC, Ladoix AOC, Aloxe Corton AOC
94
Cote de Beaune AOC that produce only red
Pommard AOC, Volnay AOC, Cote de Beaune Village AOC, Blagny AOC, Maranges AOC (little white)
95
Cotes de Beaune AOC that produces mostly whites (a little red)
Saint Romain AOC, Meursault AOC (largest wine production in Beaune), Saint Aubin AOC (80% white), Puligny Montrachet AOC, Chassagne Montrachet AOC,
96
Cote de Beaune Village AOC labeling
all villages have the options of labeling their wines Cote de Beaune Village, EXCEPT: Beaune, Aloxe-Corton, Pommard and Volnay.
97
The Grand Cru Villages of Cote De Beaune
Ladoix-Serrigny, Aloxe-Corton, Pernand-Vergelesses, Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet.
98
The Côte de Beaune has just one Grand Cru for Red wines – which one of these is it?
Corton
99
What grape is used in Cotes Chalonnais's Bouzeron AOC?
Aligote. Chardonnay and Pinot must be labeled Bourgogne or Bourgone Cote Chalonnaise.
100
Rully AOC in Cotes Chalonnais
home of traditional sparkling wine production of Bourgogne. twice as much cremant then still. 2/3 is white. Chardonnay, Pinot NOir and Pinot Gris.
101
Mercurey AOC in Cotes Chalonnais
38% of production of Chalonnais. Manly red from Pinot Noir and Chardonnay for whites. Pinot Gris can be used for either color.
102
Givry AOC of Cotes Chalonnais
smallest of the village, production is mostly red from Pinot Noir. whites are Chardonnay and Pinot Blanc, and Pinot Gris can be used for either color. most sought after pre- phyloxeria in Bourgogne.
103
Montagny AOC of Cotes Chalonnais
villages grouped in this: Buxy, Jully Les Buxy, Saint vallerin, Montagny les buxy. dry whites made from Chardonnay.
104
Rocks and Mount that define Maconnais
Rock of Vergion, Rock of Solut, and Mount de Pouilly.
105
Soils of Maconnais
Limestone and marl, and more south is Granite and schist (similar to Beaujolais)
106
Climate of Maconnais
contitential with some med influence from the south. dry summer and mild winters.
107
The Mâcon AOC covers the Mâconnais sub-region.
Mâcon whites are 100% Chardonnay.
Reds and rosés are made from Pinot Noir and Gamay – often blended.
However, it is classified as a regional AOC. Therefore wine from Mâcon can legally be labeled Bourgogne, but not the other way around.
108
DGC Macon
Mâcon plus Village name wines are Dénominations Géographiques Complémentaires (DGC) and come from specific, superior village sites within the Mâconnais.
109
Macon Village WInes
Mâcon-Villages wines can only be white and made from Chardonnay.
110
Pouilly Fuisse AOC in Mâconnais
most important and most famous. Chardonnay. Covers four villages: Chaintre, Fuisee, Soulutre-Pouilly, Vergisson.
111
Pouilly Fuisse Premier Cru
is not an AOC itself, but apart of Pouilly Fuisse AOC. 22 and is 24% of the AOC
112
Pouilly Loche AOC and Pouilly Vinzelles AOC
both are satelite of Pouilly Fuisse AOC. dry whites from Chardonnay. Pouilly Locke and Pouilly Vinzelles are vinified by Vinzelles co-operative.
113
Saint Veran AOC
dry white from chardonnay. was apart of Beaujolais until 1971.
114
How many Premier Cru climats are there in Pouilly-Fuissé?
22
115
115
All village level AOCs in the Mâconnais make dry white wines from Chardonnay, but one AOC makes some sweeter wines as well. Which AOC is that?
Viré-Clessé
116
In which of these villages will you find the La Tâche Grand Cru?
Chambolle-Musigny
117
Which Bourgogne AOC produces red wine from Pinot Noir and César grapes?
Irancy
118
What villages share Bonnes Mares Grand cru from Nuits?
Chambolle-Musigny and Morey-Saint-Denis
119
What villages share Corton and Corton Charlemagne Grand crus from Beaune?
Ladoix-Serrigny, Aloxe-Corton and Pernand-Vergelesses
120
What villages share Charlemagne Grand cru from Beaune?
Aloxe-Corton and Pernand-Vergelesses
121
What villages share Montrachet and Bâtard-Montrachet
Grand cru from Beaune?
Puligny-Montrachet and Chassagne-Montrachet
122
What is marl?
Limestone-rich clay
123
Which Bourgogne village was awarded 22 premiers crus from the 2020 vintage?
Pouilly-Fuissé
124
How many climats are there in the Chablis Grand Cru?
Seven official climats, plus one unofficial climat called La Moutonne.
125
What are “alluvial” soils?
Soils formed by river deposits.
126
What are “colluvial” soils?
Soils formed by slope wash.
127
Red Mâcon + DGC wines are made from?
Gamay
128
T/F: Grand Cru wines have the name of their village in their name.
FALSE.
With the exception of Chablis, Grand Cru wines in Bourgogne do not have the village name on the label.
129
Name the two new premium categories for Crémant de Bourgogne.
Eminent and Grand Eminent
130
T/F: n Bourgogne, it is the estate or domaine that is classified as either Premier Cru or Grand Cru?
False. In Bourgogne, the vineyard is classified, not the domaine.
