Bovine Aboritons Flashcards
(21 cards)
How would you work up an abortion case?
- History - failure to conceive or fetus lost? pre checked? Open? Herd or individual? New additions? Clean bull? BCS? Vaccines? When and what type of vax (ML?))
- Examination - PE, TPR, Attitude (Rectal/placenta/blood collection) - always submit fetus, placenta and blood if can
- Diagnostics - call lab to ensure right specimen and test (Abortion panel) - fetal kidney, lung, heart blood, placenta, maternal serum)
What are some common abortofacients in cattle and when do they occur in gestation?
1st half of gestation (<200d) - cl maintained
-excess prostaglandin, heat stress, illness, - see resorption of mumification
2nd half - maintained by placental P4
-fetal death with later expulsion - autolyzed
-listeria, truperella, nonsptate fungi, BoHV-1, Campylobacter, Aspergillosis
What are some vaccine and biosecurity protocols to prevent the spread?
Define:
Early Embryonic Death:
Fetal Death/Abortion
Still Birth
EED: <42 days
FD/A: mid gestation
SB: late gestation
How likely are you to get a specific diagnosis in an abortion case?
Only 50% of the time do you get answer (Usually can figure out the bacterial/infectious ones)
What disease are spread hematogenously?
Listeria, lepto, salmonella, brucella, fungus, BoHA and BVD
What disease cause ascending infection from Viginia through the cervix?
Tritrichomonas, campylobacter
Campylobacteriosis
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Distribution of abortions for C. fetus and jejuni
Campylobacter fetus venerealis
30-70 days gestation (EED - mid gestation)
endotoxin production = placentitis = fetal hypoxia (autolyzed, fresh dead, delivered alive)
Sporadic later term if C. fetuus or jejuni
Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Transmission:
Treatment:
Mycoplasma bovis - No cell wall
Anytime during pregnancy (EED, Aboriton, still birth, weak calves, neonatal pneumonia) , retained fetal membranes, white brown chorioallantois
Venereal or respiratory transmission
Macrolide antibiotic
Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus
Agent:
Time of Pregnancy Loss:
Physiology:
Transmission:
Pestivirus
At breeding = EED or decreased conception rate
<40 days: Embryonic loss
40-125 days: PI (noncytopathic)
100-150 days: congenital malformation (organogensis, cerebella hypoplasia, hydranencephaly, micropthalmia)
>125 days: aboriton rare, clinically normal calf
Oronasal inoculation - tonsils and respiratory tract
Transplacental infection
Bluetongue Virus
Organism:
Transmission by:
Physiology:
Days Infected:
Orbivirus
Biting midge - culicoides variipennis
(not contagious)
Innoculation = lymph node replication = hematogenous spread = cell damage and throbosis
Anytime during pregnancy
<70d - fetal death/abortion
70-130 - stillbirth, weak calve, hydranencephaly, abortion
>150 d - premature calf with encephalitis
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR)
Organism:
Source:
Day infected:
Bovine Herpes Virus
Nasal exudate, cough droplets, preputial secretion, semen, fetal fluid
Non-immune pregnant female = viremia = rapid fetal infection = abortion (expulsion delayed up to 7 days) - autolysis
Late Term Abortions 4-8 months (Dam may not be clinical)
Can opportunistic pathogens cause abortion?
Yes, but rule out all other causes 1st
-Would need to culture it and have a very heavy growth of it
-Poor management would be involved
Neospora Canium
Who is the definitive host?
How is it transmitted
When does abortion occur?
Pathophysiology?
Control?
Dog - ingests then poop out into cattle feed and cows ingest it
Horizonal or vertical transmission (calf can become an adult carrier)
Early second trimester (5-6 months)
Invade and damage fetal placental villi (submit placenta)/ Maternal serum right after abortion
Keep dogs away, cull heifer from seropositive dam, hybrid preg, embryo transfer
Leptospirosis
Organism:
Which serovars worst for abortions and when?
Transmission?
Pathopysiology?
Treatment?
Leptospirat interrogans, hardjo, grippothphosa, icterohaemorrhagiae, borgpetersenii, pomona
Worst: Pomona (3rd trimester) and Hardjo (2-3 trimester)
Urine, placental fluids, milk, transplacental, venereal
Infected = 4-10 incubation = bacteremia = localize in kidney and genital tract = shedding in urine/repro fluid(weak infected calf)
Retained fetal membranes common
Antibiotic (oxytet)
Listeria
Abortions:
Pathophysiology:
When?
Sporadic with random exposure
Spoiled silage = hematogenous to placenta = fetal septicemia (15% outbreak)
3rd trimester abortion
Severe sutolysis
Dam - metritis, septicemia, dystocia and RFM (near term)
White focci on liver and spleen - fibrinous polyserositis
Brucellosis
Organism:
When:
Special consideration:
Transmission:
Pathophysiology:
Gross finding:
Diagnosis:
Vaccine Requirments:
Brucella abortus
3rd trimester abortions, premature calving, infertility, orchits in bull
Zoonotic
Fetus/placenta/uterine secretion
mucosa nasal or oral cavity = lymph nodes = bacteremia = uterus= throphoblast necrosis and chorioallantoic ulceration (placentitis) = fetalbacteremia
<20% cows abort more than once
Moroccan leather placenta - dry, thickened, cracked
Isolation on culture from fetal aor uterine discharge
REPORTABE
VACCINE - <14-month, RFID, Tattoo with shield and tell state vet
Mycotic
Organism:
Abortion distribution:
Pathophysiology:
Gross:
Aspergillus fumigatus
Sporadic, late 6-8 months
Resp and GIT = bloodstream = placenta necrotizing vasculitis and thrombosis = placental insufficent = aboriton
RFM, leathery, thickend intercotyledonary space, fetal skin lesion
Epizootic Bovine Abortion
AKA:
Vector:
Susceptibility
Signs
Gross
Managment
Foothill abortion
Tick - ornithodoros coriaceus
60-140 days (mid gestation) - slow infection 3-4 month (3rd trimester abortion)
Dam no signs
Fetus fresh, not autologized, petichial hemorrhage of mucosa conj, oral cavity, lymph nodes big, asites, enlarged liver
Lifelong immunity after exposure
What are some strategies to prevent aboriton?
Quarantine new animals
ID and remove BVD PI
AI with CSS semen
Virginin or tested bull
Good management and nutrition
Minimize exposure to pathogens
Vaccination
5 way
BVD (1 and 2)
BoHV, BRSV,PI3
Bactrins
Cambpyobacter - Vibrin
Leptospirosis (HB)
10way with vibrio and lepto
