Swine Reproduction Diseases

Question 1

How many estrus cycles should you wait until you breed a gilt?

Answer 1

2-3 to increase fertility

Question 2

When does MRP occur and by what substance?

Answer 2

11-12 and by estrogenic compounds

Question 3

How many embryos do you need for MRP?

Answer 3

4, 2 in each horn

Question 4

When a sow is pregnant, what kind of progesterone is secreted?

Answer 4

Exocrine

Question 5

What type of placentation do sows have?

Answer 5

Diffuse Epitheliochorial Microcotyledonary

Question 6

How should the placentas be expelled?

Answer 6

After each piglet

Question 7

When does mineralization occur for piglets? When does immunocompetence begin?

Answer 7

Mineralization 35-42d
Immunocompetence 70-75d

Question 8

Based on a timeline of embryonic death when does resorption, mummification and stillbirths occur?

Answer 8

Resorption: 0-35d
Mummification: 35-114d
Stillbirth: 114 day and up

Question 9

Is it normal to get one to two mummies per litter?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

Comment on the following:
Fetal death < 14 day =
Fetal Death >35d =

Answer 10

Fetal death < 14 day = Regular return to estrus
Fetal Death >35d = irregular return to estrus

Question 11

What is a still birth?

Answer 11

Full-term piglet born dead but grossly normal, lungs never inflated

Question 12

What are some non-infectious causes of infertility?

Answer 12

Hydrosalpinx
Cystic ovarian disease

Question 13

What is the most common cause of infertility in swine?

Answer 13

Hydrosalpinx (second to bursitis or peritonitis)

Question 14

What’s the second most common cause of infertility?

Answer 14

Cystic Ovarian Disease

Question 15

What are signs of Cystic Ovarian Disease?

Answer 15

-Multiple cysts, irregular cycle or anestrus
-wont respond to hormonal therapy
-caused by estrus induction agents

Question 16

What are the main infectious causes of swine abortion?

Answer 16

PRRS, Leptospirosis and Secondary to other viruses

Question 17

What virus causes the SMEDI Syndrome (what does that stand for?)? Females my nest and have mammary development but they fail to farrow due to fetal mummificaiton.

Answer 17

Porcine Parvovirus
Stillbirth, Mummification, Embryonic death and infertility

Question 18

How is porcine parvo transmitted?

Answer 18

Oral and venereal
Viremia -> transplacental -> fetal vasculitis and death

Question 19

How long do porcine parvo gilts typically carry?

Answer 19

Longer than 114d (naive gilt)
Sow no signs but smaller litter size and more mummies

Question 20

How do you diagnose porcine parvovirus?

Answer 20

lesions
Vax hisotry
Signs - irregular return to estrus, more mummies
Serology - fluorescent antibody test

Question 21

How do you prevent and treat porcine parvovirus?

Answer 21

Acclimate replacement gilt
regular vaccination
No treatment - supportive care for aborting sow or gilt

Question 22

What disease is a herpes virus that can cause encephalitis, repro failure, reduction in litter size, recrudescence of virus from boar and sow under stress and can be transmitted in semen?

Answer 22

Pseudorabies (Aujeskys)

Question 23

What body systems do herpes virus effect?

Answer 23

CNS, Repro and Resp

Question 24

How is Pseudorabies spread and what are the signs?

Answer 24

Nose to nose, fecal oral, aerosol

Young- CNS
Weaned and older - Resp
Fever, anorexia, weight loss for all
Resorption, abortion and increased mummies and stillbirth

Question 25

How do you diagnose Pseudorabies?

Answer 25

Pulmonary edema, meningoencephalitis, virus isolation and serology

Question 26

How do you prevent and treat pseudorabies?

Answer 26

Eradication - depopulation, test and remove, segregate Vaccinate - G1 gene deleted product

Question 27

What has a H1N1 and H3N2 strand, respiratory signs, interspecies transmission, spread by oro-nasal secretion, is very seasonal and not a primary repro pathogen?

Answer 27

Swine Influenzas

Question 28

How do you diagnose Swine Influenza? How do you treat it?

Answer 28

Cough Fever Serology Treat - antibiotics, vaccinate an outbreak

Question 29

What does PRRS stand for?

Answer 29

Porcine Respiratory and Reproductive Syndrome

Question 30

What kind of virus is PRRS and how is it transmitted?

Answer 30

Arterivirus Semen, pig to pig, aerosols

Question 31

What are the two forms of PRRS?

Answer 31

Reproductive Failure: premature farrowing, still birth/mummies, weak neonate, increased abortion Respiratory: post wean - decreased ADG and increase mortality

Question 32

How do you diagnose PRRS?

Answer 32

Ha, herd serology, virus isolation (aborted fetus, lungs, tonsils and lymph nodes)

Question 33

How do you prevent and treat PRRS?

Answer 33

Symptomatic therapy, isolation, herd stabilization, MLV or killed vaccine, no cross foster

Question 34

What's another name for classical swine fever? What should you remember about it?

Answer 34

Hog Cholera Reportable

Question 35

How do pigs get hog cholera?

Answer 35

Raw garbage or through semen

Question 36

What are signs of Hog Cholera?

Answer 36

Anorexia, cyanosis, fever, diarrhe, vomit, aboriton

Question 37

How do pathogenic bacteria get into the repro tract?

Answer 37

Introduced breeding or parturition Septicemia

Question 38

What strands of leptospirosis cause abortion?

Answer 38

Zoonotic L. pomona and L. Bratislava

Question 39

How do they get lepto and what are the signs?

Answer 39

Penetrates MM Carrier Mummified and macerated fetus Mild sign except abortion

Question 40

How do you prevent and treat letpo?

Answer 40

Vaccination - e 6 month, parvo in pre-breeding vac Antibiotics - tetracyling in feed - still carrier

Question 41

What is a reportable disease, that causes abortion, still birth, infertility and piglet mortality, orchitis in boar, transmitted through the boar at coitus?

Answer 41

Brucella Suis

Question 42

When are sows infected with B. Suis?

Answer 42

30-40d and abort 65-80d

Question 43

Prevention and treatment of B. Suis?

Answer 43

Report - test and slaughter Buy replacement from certified free herd

Question 44

What organism do many pigs carry in their tonsils without clinical signs, gain access via feed and water, enter circulation via pharynx and infect blood vessels?

Answer 44

Eryipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 45

What does the clinical disease look like in Erythrx?

Answer 45

Arthritis in little pig, fever and skin, abortion secondary to fever and septicemia

Question 46

What is are 2 protozoa that can cause abortion?

Answer 46

Toxoplasma - individual abortion and still birth Eperythrozoonosis - silent estrus and anestirs, abortion, weak and anemic piglets -Mite or lice transimission

Question 47

What nutritional factors can effect abortion?

Answer 47

Ca/P, iodine, Selenium, Iron, Protein, Energy

Question 48

What effect does Zearalenone have on pigs?

Answer 48

Fusarium Roseum, implantation failure, female estrus, mammary development and vaginal discharge, enlarge vulva and rectal prolapse, less testicular development

Question 49

What are some moldy feed tocins?

Answer 49

Fumonison Alflatoxin

Question 50

What level of carbon monoxide is toxic?

Answer 50

220ppm - late abortion - cherry red tissue from carbosyhemoglobin