Male Small Ruminant BSE and Repro Diseases Flashcards
(35 cards)
When should you perform a BSE on a ram?
Before breeding
Before Selling
After breeding issues
What are the parts of the SR BSE?
General Physical Exam
Focused Repro Exam
Semen Analysis
(Libido not assessed)
What is a serving capacity test?
See how many ewes a ram can service
-Put in small pen with cycling females should do 4-6 breeding in 30min
-May leave in overnight
-Can retest 2 times
What should be included in your physical exam?
BCS
FAMACHA
No obvious illness
Eye - visual
Leg and Hoof Health - No lameness, trim
What should be focused on in reproductive exam?
Testicle, Epididymis, penis and prepuce, urethral process (Exteriorize penis)
Vas deferense, seminal vessicles, bulbourethral gland, signmoid flexure, urethral process
When palpating the scrotal contents what should you be looking for?
Tone (hard boiled egg), Symmetry, temp, localized caudal epididymis
When should you measure SC and what should it be in SR?
170d
Ram over 150lb >30cm
Yearling (12-18m) >33cm
Ram > 250lb >36cm
*Seasonally! SC greatest Aug- Oct - some breed more effected by season than others, natural degeneration
What should SC be in bucks?
No set standard but >25 in adult male best
How do you collect semen from SR?
Handheld probe
-Hold in 8 seconds and sing song
Once you have your semen sample what should you evaluate?
Color and consistency
Microscopic exam - mass motility vs individual progressive
WBC count
Morphology
What percent of progressive motility do you want?
30%
What should you be observing once stained for morphology?
Classify 100 sperm cell - normal or abnormal
Head, tail, midpiece defects
Assess sperm cell fertilize ability and prognosis
What are the requirements to pass the BSE?
SC: >34cm
Motility >30%
Morphology >70%
What are some noninfectious causes of male infertility?
Polled Intersex Condition (goats)
Cryptorchidism
Sperm Granulomas
Testicular Hydrocele
Testicular Varicocele
Hypoplasia
Degeneration and Atrophy
Scrotal Hernia
Penile Abnormalities
Hypospadias
Urolithiasis
Pizzle Rot or Ulcerative Posthitis/Blanoposthitis
What is the Polled intersex Condition (goat)?
Male pseudohermaphrodite
Polled dairy goats - alpine, toggenburg saanan
-Avoid polled buck
-genetic female, masculine appearance - decrease angiogenital distance
What are some conditions that usually coexist with the PIS?
Bilateral cryptorchisim
Hypospadiase
Short penis
Sperm granuloma
Hypoplasia
Teaser animal
What is cryptorchidism?
Failure of one or both testicles to descend abdominal cavity to scrotum
-right common
- more in intersex
Diagnosis - palpation, ultrasound, Bloodwork
Treat - castration - no breed
What is a sperm granuloma?
Buck > Ram
Bilateral
-PIS
-Partial or complete blockage of efferent duct draining to epididymis
-Diagnose - firm swelling head epididymis
Treat - cull or castrate
What causes fluid accumulation around the testicle, causes inflammation, trauma, excessive peritoneal free fluid?
Testicular Hydrocele
Diagnose - palpation and ultrasound
Treat - castration or cull
BSE>40 may indicate issue
What occurs more commonly in rams, localized dialation and throbosis of internal spermatic vein, fluctuant hard swelling in spermatic cord? May present with rear limb lameness.
Testicular Varicocele
-Idiopathic or trauma
-Diagnose - sign, palpaiton and ultrasound
Treat - castration
When does hypoplasia occur?
Intersex or chromosomal abnormality
When does degermation or atrophy occur?
naturally outside of breeding season
Zinc deficiency, hypothyroidism, starvation, disease, stress
-Palpation and ultrasound (Ca deposit)
Treat - correct underlying cause
Is Scrotal Hermia more common in ram or goat? What does it look like?
Ram
- distension of one side of scrotum , freely moveable and fluctuant intestines
-Diagnose with palpation
Treat - castration
What are some penile abnormalities that can occur?
Phimosis - cant extend
Paraphimosis - cant withdrawal
Hair ring
Trauma
Infection
Mass
Wart
Congenital
Diagnosis - palpation
Treat - underlying cause or cull
