Bovine- Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Otobius, Sarcoptes and Chorioptes

Question 1

What are Hard ticks (Ixodids) (characteristics)?

Answer 1

Larger than mites
Hard dorsal shield, scutum
Scutum can be ornate
Many ticks of wildlife, but 16 reported in domestic animals
Often found on areas that can not be easily groomed (e.g. head, neck, ears…..)

Question 2

What is Ixodid life cycle depend on?

Answer 2

Time taken to complete its life cycle depends on:
Species of tick
Environmental conditions
Availability of suitable hosts

Question 3

What is Amblyomma spp. Common name?

Answer 3

Lone star tick, Gulf Coast tick

Tropical bont tick, Bont tick

Question 4

What is Amblyomma spp. Hosts?

Answer 4

humans, livestock, dogs, cats

Question 5

What is Amblyomma spp. Identification?

Answer 5

long palps and ornate scutum
banded legs
several species distributed widely
A. americanum “lone star tick” single white spot on female scutum

Question 6

What is Amblyomma spp. Life cycle?

Answer 6

3 host tick

Question 7

What is Amblyomma spp. Site(s) of infection?

Answer 7

adults prefer head, ears and neck

Question 8

What is Amblyomma spp. Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs?

Answer 8

long mouthparts = painful bites
transmit diseases
–rickettsial (e.g. heartwater)
–Hepatozoon americanum by ingestion of A. maculatum

Question 9

What is Amblyomma spp. Diagnosis?

Answer 9

identification of tick

Question 10

What is Amblyomma spp. Treatment and prevention?

Answer 10

several parasiticides effective

difference if lactating dairy cattle

Question 11

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Common name?

Answer 11

Rhipicephalus spp: blue tick
R. annulatus: cattle fever tick
R. microplus: tropical cattle tick

Question 12

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Hosts?

Answer 12

cattle, other large hosts

Question 13

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Identification?

Answer 13

hexagonal basis capituli
prominent dorsal ridges
hypostome short

Question 14

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Life cycle?

Answer 14

1 host tick

Question 15

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Site(s) of infection?

Answer 15

adults on ventral aspects of body

immatures in ears

Question 16

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs?

Answer 16

bovine piroplasmosis: B. bigemina

Gallsickness: Anaplasma marginale

Question 17

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Diagnosis?

Answer 17

identification of tick

Question 18

What is Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) spp. Treatment and prevention?

Answer 18

several parasiticides effective

difference if lactating dairy cattle

Question 19

What are Soft ticks (Argasids) characteristics?

Answer 19

No dorsal shield, scutum
Leathery tegument, spinose and bumpy
Mouthparts ventrally placed, so not visible dorsally
2 nymphal stages in life cycle
25 species in USA

Question 20

What is Otobius spp. Common name?

Answer 20

spinose ear tick

Question 21

What is Otobius spp. Hosts?

Answer 21

livestock, humans, dogs

Question 22

What is Otobius spp. Identification?

Answer 22

mouthparts not visible dorsally

integument short sharp spines

Question 23

What is Otobius spp. Life cycle?

Answer 23

Adults are not on the animal

larvae and nymphs “taxi-ed” long distances

Question 24

What is Otobius spp. Pathogenesis, lesions, clinical signs?

Answer 24

ear canals affected seriously in large tick buildups

heavy infestations lead to anemia

Question 25

What is Otobius spp. Treatment and prevention?

Answer 25

topical use of acaricidal applications in ear canals | treatment of premises

Question 26

What is Order Acari (Mites) Identification

Answer 26

microscopic, <1 mm long body has scales, spines, setae (hairs) useful in identification legs may have claws or suckers used to attach to host

Question 27

What is Order Acari (Mites) Different strategies?

Answer 27

burrow into the host epidermis Sarcoptes, Notoedres non burrowing; on skin surface Psoroptes, Cheyletiella, Chorioptes restricted to an area of body Otodectes

Question 28

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Common name?

Answer 28

itch mite, neck and tail mange

Question 29

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Identification?

Answer 29

round in shape

Question 30

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Life cycle?

Answer 30

E –L –N –A

Question 31

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Site(s) of infection?

Answer 31

epidermal layers of skin

Question 32

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs?

Answer 32

potentially most severe cattle mange mild infection -- scaly skin severe infection -- thickened skin downgrading of hides, drop in meat and milk production

Question 33

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Diagnosis?

Answer 33

skin scraping

Question 34

What is Sarcoptes scabiei Treatment and prevention?

Answer 34

MCLs eprinomectin approved for lactating dairy cattle Must be reported to authorities

Question 35

What is Chorioptes bovis Hosts?

Answer 35

cattle, small ruminants, equids

Question 36

What is Chorioptes bovis Identification?

Answer 36

rounded mouthparts | sucker shape at end of stalks

Question 37

What is Chorioptes bovis Life cycle?

Answer 37

Non-burrowing Feeds on skin surface and epithelial debris Female: lives 4-6 wk; lays approx 90 eggs PPP: 10 d E –L –N -A

Question 38

What is Chorioptes bovis Site(s) of infection?

Answer 38

tailhead, udder and legs

Question 39

What is Chorioptes bovis Pathogenesis and lesions/Clinical signs?

Answer 39

late winter, mild condition | damages hides

Question 40

What is Chorioptes bovis Diagnosis?

Answer 40

skin scraping

Question 41

What is Chorioptes bovis Treatment and prevention?

Answer 41

standard louse treatments give good response | MCLs (eprinomectin) are used as a pour-on in lactating dairy cattle