Equine- Anoplocephala, Gasterophilus, Musca and Stomoxys

Question 1

What is Cestodes (tapeworms) Characteristics?

Answer 1

Flat body and no alimentary canal
Scolex (holdfast organ)
Body with proglottids
Indirect life cycle
Types of characteristic larval stages

Question 2

What are Cyclophyllidea?

Answer 2

1 intermediate host
Organs of attachment with scolex and suckers
Egg is oncosphere
Dipylidium is the model

Question 3

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata Identification?

Answer 3

Large, white, 4 cm

Rounded scolex with lappet behind each of 4 suckers

Question 4

What is Anoplocephala magna Identification?

Answer 4

Larger, 80 cm (than Anoplocephala perfoliata)

No lappets

Question 5

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Identification?

Answer 5

Eggs 50-80 μm
Irregular shape
Contain small embryo

Question 6

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Life cycle?

Answer 6

Mature segments pass in feces, disintegrate and release eggs
Ingested by oribatid or forage mites; develop to cysticercoids
Infected mite eaten by horse while grazing
PPP: 1-2 mo

Question 7

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Site(s) of infection?

Answer 7

Adult A. perfoliata cecum; ileocecal valve

Adult A. magna in small intestine

Question 8

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Pathogenesis/lesions/clinical signs?

Answer 8

Heavy infections of A. perfoliata– ulcerations
Large numbers – ill health
Localize near ileocecal valve –partial occlusion of valve
Intussusception of the terminal ileum and cecum

Question 9

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Diagnosis?

Answer 9

Eggs detected with centrifugation and flotation
Sedimentation test
Antigen ELISA

Question 10

What is Anoplocephala perfoliata

Anoplocephala magna Treatment?

Answer 10

Praziquantel

Question 11

How are G. intestinalis and G. nasalis :Differentiated?

Answer 11

based on color and spines

Question 12

What is Gasterophilus spp. ?

Answer 12

Bot fly larvae, bot fly

Question 13

G. intestinalis?

Answer 13

Eggs on forelegs and shoulder

3rd instars in non-glandular part of stomach and cardiac region

Question 14

G. nasalis

Answer 14

Eggs on intermandibular spaces

3rd instars attach around pylorus and duodenum

Question 15

What is Gasterophilus spp. Life cycle?

Answer 15

Egg hatches to 1st instar
G. intestinalis: hatches when licked; attached to tongue / lips
G. nasalis: hatches spontaneously; crawls into mouth
In oral cavity 1st to 2nd instar
Swallowed; develop 3rd instar (site specific); live up to 12 mo
Spring pass in feces, pupate
3-9 wk adult fly

Question 16

What is Gasterophilus spp. Pathogenesis and lesions?

Answer 16

Adult flies an annoyance

Attached instars can provoke an inflammatory reaction

Question 17

What is Gasterophilus spp. Clinical signs?

Answer 17

Fly worry

Question 18

What is Gasterophilus spp. Diagnosis?

Answer 18

Differentiate based on color, spines and location in host

Seen during gastroscopy

Question 19

What is Gasterophilus spp. Treatment and prevention?

Answer 19

Manual removal of eggs

Endoparasiticides for larval stages

Question 20

What is Musca autumnalis Common name?

Answer 20

Face fly

Question 21

What is Musca autumnalis Identification?

Answer 21

Adults 5.5-7.5 mm
Mouthparts adapted to sponging
Sticky hairs on pad-like structures at end of legs

Question 22

What is Musca autumnalis Life cycle?

Answer 22

Typical muscid life cycle

Eggs laid in feces or rotting organic material

Question 23

What is Musca autumnalis Site(s) of infection?

Answer 23

Animal secretions and wounds

Question 24

What is Musca autumnalis Pathogenesis and lesions?

Answer 24

Source of annoyance (feeds on face secretions)

Mechanical transmission of viruses, bacteria, helminths, protozoa

Question 25

What is Musca autumnalis Clinical signs?

Answer 25

Annoyance can interfere with grazing Annoyance can result in a drop in performance Can result in eye disorders or conjunctivitis

Question 26

What is Musca autumnalis Diagnosis?

Answer 26

Fly identification

Question 27

What is Musca autumnalis Treatment and prevention?

Answer 27

``` Screens Sanitation; reduce breeding sites Various insecticides Treat horse and environment DO NOT treat compost ```

Question 28

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Common name?

Answer 28

Stable fly, biting housefly

Question 29

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Hosts?

Answer 29

Most animals and humans

Question 30

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Identification?

Answer 30

Adults 5.5-7.5 mm Mouthparts rigid, conspicuous and forward projecting Sits on walls head up

Question 31

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Life cycle?

Answer 31

Egg – Larva – Pupae - Adult Feeds on blood Requires 3 minutes to finish its blood meal Females lay eggs on decaying matter such as damp hay

Question 32

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Site(s) of infection?

Answer 32

General

Question 33

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Pathogenesis and lesions?

Answer 33

Attack animals, transmit disease organisms

Question 34

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Clinical signs?

Answer 34

Increased head and ear movement, skin twitches and tail swishes

Question 35

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Diagnosis?

Answer 35

Fly identification

Question 36

What is Stomoxys calcitrans Treatment and prevention?

Answer 36

``` Screens Sanitation; reduce breeding sites Various insecticides Treat horse and environment DO NOT treat compost ```