Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Parasitology > Bovine- Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum > Flashcards

Bovine- Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum Flashcards

1
Q

What is Bovines exposure like?

A

Bovines defecate eggs on pasture
Bovines consume infective stages on pasture
Level of exposure depends on the production system – more time on pasture, more exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Bovine Conservative parasite load?

A

2 epg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Bovine Average fecal production?

A

20 kg/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Bovine Daily production/animal?

A

40,000 eggs

For a 100-cow herd: 4,000,000 eggs/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indoor production has its own issues
200 cows = 10,886 kg (24,000 lbs) of feces and urine per day
When not managed correctly = lots of flies

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 4 parts to Bovine (beef) production?

A

Cow-calf
Backgrounding calves/growing
Stocker/finishing
Replacements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Cow-calf Bovine (beef) production?

A

conception to weaning (500-600 lbs; 6-8 mo of age)
on pasture; often extensive
winter housing (of pregnant cows)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Backgrounding calves/growing Bovine (beef) production?

A

weaning to stocker (750-800 lbs)

on pasture or housed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Stocker/finishing Bovine (beef) production?

A

in feedlot until 1100-1250 lbs
90-120 days
18-22 mo of age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Replacements Bovine (beef) production?

A

heifers 12-15 mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 1/2 parts to Bovine (Dairy) production?

A

Lactating cows
Dry cows
Replacements
Calves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Lactating cows (Dairy) production?

A

indoor or on pasture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Dry cows (Dairy) production?

A

(after lactating/pre-calving)

on pasture or indoor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Replacements (Dairy) production?

A

on pasture or indoor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Calves (Dairy) production?

A

calf hutches; stanchion; pens

indoor or outdoor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Intensive vs. extensive
Low vs. high stocking rate
1st year grazing animal/ 1st year grazer

A

.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Bovine Production?

A

reproduction/calving interval, time to market, weight gain, work, milk production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is MRL?

A

maximum residue limit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the Purpose of parasite management?

A

Maintain the parasites below the economic threshold

Decrease the development of parasite resistance to anthelmintics (anthelmintic resistance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the Economic threshold?

A

The density of a pest at which a control treatment will provide an economic return
The point where loss is > the cost of treatment
Treatment = drug + handling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Resistance

A

“When there is a greater frequency of individuals within a population able to tolerate doses of compound than in a normal population of the same species and is heritable”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Resistance?

A 
Normal population 1% tolerate
Resistance exists if >1% tolerate
(Ivermectin)
Normal population 5% tolerate
Resistance exists if >5% tolerate
(Fenbendazole)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

An understanding of the parasites is

used to manage them (such as?)

A 
Life cycle
Climate
Host interaction
Nutrition
Age
Immunological status / reaction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Climate determines when parasites are an issue on pasture
How a parasite survives adverse climatic conditions impacts if the larval stages are an issue for the host
Both of these determine
How the parasite is controlled
When a pasture “clean”

A

Winter (snow, ice, freezing)
Desert / tropics (long dry periods)
Larvae can survive on pasture OR
In a hypobiotic state in the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Parasite / host interaction?

A

Direct and indirect effect
Nutrition
Production status
Immunology

26
Q

What is Trichostrongyles?

A

Relate to the small and large strongyles in horses!
Tricho – hair like
So a thinner strongyle!
Life cycles very similar.

27
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Common name?

A

brown stomach worm

28
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Hosts?

A

cattle

29
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Identification?

A

Adults – 1 cm; abomasal surface

Eggs – trichostrongyloid, 85μm

30
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Site of infection?

A

abomasum

31
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Life Cycle?

A

PPP: 21 d

Arrested L4: up to 6 mo

32
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

Caused primarily by L3 to immature adult in the gastric glands
Thickened gastric mucosa; raised nodules = “Moroccan leather”
Increased plasma pepsinogen

33
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Clinical Signs: Type I disease?

A

Summer Ostertagiosis
In calves during first grazing season
Profuse watery diarrhea
Morbidity high, mortality rare if treatment is instituted in 3 days

34
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Clinical Signs: Type II disease?

A

Winter Ostertagiosis
In calves following first grazing season with arrested L4
Profuse watery diarrhea; intermittent
More “bottle jaw”
Clinical disease low, mortality high unless treatment instituted

35
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Diagnosis?

A 
Clinical signs
Season
Grazing history
Fecal egg counts
Type I have epg
Type II often negative
Culture and identification of L3
36
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Diagnosis?

A

Plasma pepsinogen levels elevated
Necropsy examination reveals worms, characteristic mucosa
% adults to larvae high in Type I and low in Type II

37
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention:Type I?

A

Responds well to anthelmintics

Move cattle to “safe pasture”

38
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention:Type II

A

Requires anthelmintics effective against arrested L4, larvae and adults

39
Q

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention?

A

Limiting exposure to infection
Creating “safe pasture”
Exposure is needed to acquire immunity

40
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Common name?

A

barber pole worm

41
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Hosts?

A

H. placei – cattle

H. contortus – sheep, goats

42
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Identification?

A

Adults – 2-3 cm; abomasal surface
Females – “Barber pole”
Eggs – trichostrongyloid, 85μm

43
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Life cycle?

A

trichostrongyloid

PPP: 23-28 d when no hypobiosis

44
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Site(s) of infection?

A

abomasum

45
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Clinical signs?

A

Hyperacute cases calves/lambs die of hemorrhagic gastritis
Acute: anaemia, “bottle jaw”, lethargy
Chronic haemonchosis causes progressive weight loss and weakness

46
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Diagnosis?

A 
Season
Clinical signs
History
FEC and culture / ID L3
Necropsy
47
Q

What is Haemonchus placei Treatment and prevention?

A

Selective anthelmintic treatment

Management

48
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Hosts?

A

cattle, sheep and goats

49
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Identification?

A

Adults – <9 mm

Eggs – trichostrongyloid, 85μm

50
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Site(s) of infection?

A

small intestine

51
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Life cycle?

A

trichostrongyloid

PPP: 15-18 d

52
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Pathogenesis and lesions?

A

mild

53
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Clinical signs?

A

stressed cattle produce watery diarrhea

With Ostertagia most common nematodes of weanling age cattle

54
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Diagnosis?

A

fecal egg counts
trichostrongyloid L3
necropsy

55
Q

What is Cooperia spp. Treatment and prevention?

A

environment and animal husbandry important

56
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Common name?

A

nodular worm;

pimply worm

57
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Identification?

A

Adults – 2.5 cm; white
L4 – ≤0.5 cm nodules in large and small intestine wall (can be 2-3 cm dia when repeat infections)
Eggs – trichostrongyloid, 85μm

58
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Life cycle?

A

Typical strongyloid
Arrested L4 in small or large intestinal wall
PPP: 45 d or longer

59
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Site(s) of infection?

A

Adults in lumen of large intestine

L4 in the wall of small or large intestine

60
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Clinical signs?

A

Anorexia

Diarrhea – may be severe

61
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Diagnosis?

A 
Clinical signs
Egg counts -- L3
–not in acute disease since not yet patent
–present in chronic disease
Necropsy
62
Q

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Treatment and prevention?

A

Anthelmintics
Management
Animals do not develop good immunity to infection

Parasitology (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions