Bovine- Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum Flashcards by jade kleeschulte

What is Bovines exposure like?

Bovines defecate eggs on pasture
Bovines consume infective stages on pasture
Level of exposure depends on the production system – more time on pasture, more exposure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Bovine Conservative parasite load?

2 epg

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Bovine Average fecal production?

20 kg/d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Bovine Daily production/animal?

40,000 eggs

For a 100-cow herd: 4,000,000 eggs/d

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Indoor production has its own issues
200 cows = 10,886 kg (24,000 lbs) of feces and urine per day
When not managed correctly = lots of flies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 4 parts to Bovine (beef) production?

Cow-calf
Backgrounding calves/growing
Stocker/finishing
Replacements

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Cow-calf Bovine (beef) production?

conception to weaning (500-600 lbs; 6-8 mo of age)
on pasture; often extensive
winter housing (of pregnant cows)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Backgrounding calves/growing Bovine (beef) production?

weaning to stocker (750-800 lbs)

on pasture or housed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Stocker/finishing Bovine (beef) production?

in feedlot until 1100-1250 lbs
90-120 days
18-22 mo of age

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Replacements Bovine (beef) production?

heifers 12-15 mo

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 3 1/2 parts to Bovine (Dairy) production?

Lactating cows
Dry cows
Replacements
Calves

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Lactating cows (Dairy) production?

indoor or on pasture

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Dry cows (Dairy) production?

(after lactating/pre-calving)

on pasture or indoor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Replacements (Dairy) production?

on pasture or indoor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Calves (Dairy) production?

calf hutches; stanchion; pens

indoor or outdoor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intensive vs. extensive
Low vs. high stocking rate
1st year grazing animal/ 1st year grazer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Bovine Production?

reproduction/calving interval, time to market, weight gain, work, milk production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is MRL?

maximum residue limit

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Purpose of parasite management?

Maintain the parasites below the economic threshold

Decrease the development of parasite resistance to anthelmintics (anthelmintic resistance)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the Economic threshold?

The density of a pest at which a control treatment will provide an economic return
The point where loss is > the cost of treatment
Treatment = drug + handling

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Resistance

“When there is a greater frequency of individuals within a population able to tolerate doses of compound than in a normal population of the same species and is heritable”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Resistance?

Normal population 1% tolerate
Resistance exists if >1% tolerate
(Ivermectin)
Normal population 5% tolerate
Resistance exists if >5% tolerate
(Fenbendazole)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An understanding of the parasites is

used to manage them (such as?)

Life cycle
Climate
Host interaction
Nutrition
Age
Immunological status / reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Climate determines when parasites are an issue on pasture
How a parasite survives adverse climatic conditions impacts if the larval stages are an issue for the host
Both of these determine
How the parasite is controlled
When a pasture “clean”

Winter (snow, ice, freezing)
Desert / tropics (long dry periods)
Larvae can survive on pasture OR
In a hypobiotic state in the animal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Parasite / host interaction?

Direct and indirect effect Nutrition Production status Immunology

What is Trichostrongyles?

Relate to the small and large strongyles in horses! Tricho – hair like So a thinner strongyle! Life cycles very similar.

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Common name?

brown stomach worm

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Hosts?

cattle

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Identification?

Adults -- 1 cm; abomasal surface | Eggs -- trichostrongyloid, 85μm

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Site of infection?

abomasum

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Life Cycle?

PPP: 21 d | Arrested L4: up to 6 mo

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Pathogenesis and lesions?

Caused primarily by L3 to immature adult in the gastric glands Thickened gastric mucosa; raised nodules = “Moroccan leather” Increased plasma pepsinogen

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Clinical Signs: Type I disease?

Summer Ostertagiosis In calves during first grazing season Profuse watery diarrhea Morbidity high, mortality rare if treatment is instituted in 3 days

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Clinical Signs: Type II disease?

Winter Ostertagiosis In calves following first grazing season with arrested L4 Profuse watery diarrhea; intermittent More “bottle jaw” Clinical disease low, mortality high unless treatment instituted

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Diagnosis?

``` Clinical signs Season Grazing history Fecal egg counts Type I have epg Type II often negative Culture and identification of L3 ```

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Diagnosis?

Plasma pepsinogen levels elevated Necropsy examination reveals worms, characteristic mucosa % adults to larvae high in Type I and low in Type II

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention:Type I?

Responds well to anthelmintics | Move cattle to “safe pasture”

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention:Type II

Requires anthelmintics effective against arrested L4, larvae and adults

What is Ostertagia ostertagi Treatment and Prevention?

Limiting exposure to infection Creating “safe pasture” Exposure is needed to acquire immunity

What is Haemonchus placei Common name?

barber pole worm

What is Haemonchus placei Hosts?

H. placei – cattle | H. contortus – sheep, goats

What is Haemonchus placei Identification?

Adults -- 2-3 cm; abomasal surface Females -- “Barber pole” Eggs -- trichostrongyloid, 85μm

What is Haemonchus placei Life cycle?

trichostrongyloid | PPP: 23-28 d when no hypobiosis

What is Haemonchus placei Site(s) of infection?

abomasum

What is Haemonchus placei Clinical signs?

Hyperacute cases calves/lambs die of hemorrhagic gastritis Acute: anaemia, “bottle jaw”, lethargy Chronic haemonchosis causes progressive weight loss and weakness

What is Haemonchus placei Diagnosis?

``` Season Clinical signs History FEC and culture / ID L3 Necropsy ```

What is Haemonchus placei Treatment and prevention?

Selective anthelmintic treatment | Management

What is Cooperia spp. Hosts?

cattle, sheep and goats

What is Cooperia spp. Identification?

Adults -- <9 mm | Eggs -- trichostrongyloid, 85μm

What is Cooperia spp. Site(s) of infection?

small intestine

What is Cooperia spp. Life cycle?

trichostrongyloid | PPP: 15-18 d

What is Cooperia spp. Pathogenesis and lesions?

mild

What is Cooperia spp. Clinical signs?

stressed cattle produce watery diarrhea | With Ostertagia most common nematodes of weanling age cattle

What is Cooperia spp. Diagnosis?

fecal egg counts trichostrongyloid L3 necropsy

What is Cooperia spp. Treatment and prevention?

environment and animal husbandry important

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Common name?

nodular worm; | pimply worm

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Identification?

Adults -- 2.5 cm; white L4 -- ≤0.5 cm nodules in large and small intestine wall (can be 2-3 cm dia when repeat infections) Eggs -- trichostrongyloid, 85μm

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Life cycle?

Typical strongyloid Arrested L4 in small or large intestinal wall PPP: 45 d or longer

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Site(s) of infection?

Adults in lumen of large intestine | L4 in the wall of small or large intestine

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Clinical signs?

Anorexia | Diarrhea – may be severe

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Diagnosis?

``` Clinical signs Egg counts -- L3 –not in acute disease since not yet patent –present in chronic disease Necropsy ```

What is Oesophagostomum spp. Treatment and prevention?

Anthelmintics Management Animals do not develop good immunity to infection

Bovine- Ostertagia, Haemonchus, Cooperia, Oesophagostomum Flashcards

(62 cards)