Bovine Mastitis

Question 1

what are the structural protections of the udder to infection?

Answer 1

sphincter muscle
keratin plug

Question 2

what is there specialized media for in milk culture plates?

Answer 2

mycoplasma
prototheca

Question 3

what are the two categories of infectious mastitis?

Answer 3

contagious
environmental

Question 4

what is the source of Streptococcus agalactiae?

Answer 4

obligate intramammary infection

Question 5

what is the pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 5

deep infection of glandular tissues
forms microabscesses

Question 6

what is the source of environmental Streptococcus?

Answer 6

soiled bedding
water
skin

Question 7

who does environmental Staphylococcus impact most?

Answer 7

more in heifers than cows

Question 8

what is the source of yeast?

Answer 8

contaminated intramammary devices: tubes, cannulas, instruments

Question 9

what is the pathogenesis of Truperella pyogenes?

Answer 9

establishes abscesses after introduction

Question 10

what is the prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 10

fair
may self-cure

Question 11

what is the pathogenesis of Prototheca?

Answer 11

establishes disseminated infection throughout udder

Question 12

what is physiological edema caused by?

Answer 12

lack of movement
decreased available protein
immature vasculature

Question 13

how is trauma/hemorrhage noted?

Answer 13

as blood in milk (BIM)

Question 14

what should you do if you see pustules on a teat?

Answer 14

call state vet

Question 15

how long should you do intramammary treatment for mastitis?

Answer 15

no more than 5 days

Question 16

for which pathogens is culling the first choice?

Answer 16

Staphylococcus aureus
Prototheca
Mycoplasma

Question 17

how effective are core antigen (LPS) vaccines?

Answer 17

reduce symptoms of gram negatives and reduce bulk tank somatic cell counts

Question 18

what is the immune protection in the udder to mastitis?

Answer 18

white blood- somatic- cells
antibodies
non-specific soluble factors: lysozyme, lactoferrin, complement

Question 19

what is the reaction in the california mastitis test?

Answer 19

anionic surface reagent reacts with DNA in somatic cells to form gel

Question 20

what is the pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae?

Answer 20

infects duct system of lower portion of quarter

Question 21

what is the source of Staphylococcus aureus?

Answer 21

infected quarters
human skin

Question 22

what is the source of Mycoplasma bovis?

Answer 22

infected quarters
respiratory/urogenital membranes

Question 23

what is the pathogenesis of environmental Streptococcus?

Answer 23

invasion of teat, commonly due to teat end damage

Question 24

what is the pathogenesis of environmental Staphylococcus?

Answer 24

invasion of teat, commonly in heifers vs cows

Question 25

what are signs of Escherichia coli?

Answer 25

hot, swollen quarters with serous discharge markedly abnormal milk fever +/- systemic signs

Question 26

what are signs of yeast?

Answer 26

thick, creamy discharge usually local infection only

Question 27

what are signs of Truperella pyogenes?

Answer 27

thick, malodorous discharge abscesses that may spontaneously rupture

Question 28

what is thee source of Pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 28

contaminated water- wash, standing

Question 29

what is the source of Prototheca?

Answer 29

contaminated water may be shed in manure

Question 30

what is the source of Klebsiella?

Answer 30

manure contamination green wood products soil

Question 31

what are signs of environmental Streptococcus?

Answer 31

increased somatic cells may progress to clinical mastitis occasionally severe, systemic infections

Question 32

what does physiologic edema look like?

Answer 32

pitting edema of entire udder painful and may impede milking

Question 33

what does suspensory breakdown predispose to?

Answer 33

mastitis trauma

Question 34

what can cause teat lesions?

Answer 34

cowpox- Orthopoxvirus pseudocowpox- Parapox herpes mammalitis- Bovine Herpesvirus type II

Question 35

how can you treat for gram positive subclinical mastitis?

Answer 35

intramammary treatment

Question 36

what are things we can vaccinate for?

Answer 36

core antigen vaccines: reduce symptoms of gram negatives klebsiella/SRP vaccines