What is an abnormal condition characterized by the distention of the rumen with gases?
bloat
Bloat is seen as an enlargement of what side of the abdomen?
upper left
Define bull.
intact male of breeding age
What is the generic term for both the caruncles of the cow’s uterus and the cotyledon of the placenta?
buttons
Define calf.
you male or female bovine under 1 year of age
Define claving.
giving both to baby cows
What is the term describing the value of a caracas for consumption?
carcass merit
What is a raised area of tissue on the ruminant uterus where the cotyledons on the placenta attach, also called “buttons”?
caruncles
What is a term meaning to force a cow to lie down, usually using a rope and knot system?
casting a cow
CMT
California Mastitis Test
What is an area of the placenta that contract the uterine lining, also called buttons?
cotyledons
What is a breed that has been formed by crossing two or more breeds?
composite breed
What is a feed stuff high in digestible energy and low in crude fiber?
concentrate
Is corn a concentrate?
yes
Is cereal grains a concentrate?
yes
Is soybean meal a concentrate?
yes
Is beet pulp a concentrate?
yes
Define cow.
sexually mature female boine
What is the term describing raising young calves from birth to 6-10 months of age?
cow-calf operation
What is a bolus of feed a ruminant regurgitates for further chewing?
cud
What is the removal of an animal from the herd for slaughter or euthanasia?
cull
Define term “didn’t clean”?
did not pass placenta
Define dry cow.
cow that is not producing milk
Define eructation.
belching
What is the term for a calf that is produced to go directly into the feedlot?
feeder claf
What is a lot in which animals on a finishing ration are kept?
feedlot
Define finish.
degree of fatness of an animal
What is the term meaning to give birth to young and initiate milk production?
freshen
Define free martin.
Sterile twin female, that is sterile due to testosterone.
What is a vasectomized bull used to detect estrus in cows?
gomer bull
What is a metabolic disorder characterized by low levels of magnesium in the blood serum of cattle?
grass tetany
Define heifer.
Young female that has not produced a calf.
What do you calla grip of cattle?
herd
What is the amount of trimmed élan retail cuts that can be obtained from a carcasss usually expressed as a percentage?
Lean cutability
What is inflammation of the mammary gland?
mastitis
What is a prurient paresis due to hypoglycemia?
milk fever
What is a cow that did to get pregnant called?
open cow
What is an individual animal of a normally horned breed that does not grow horns?
polled
What is a feed that is high in fiber, low in digestible nutrients, and low in energy?
roughage
What is the regurgitation of undigested food and chewing of it for a second time, then re-swallowing the food?
rumination
What is a mammal whose stomach has four parts?
ruminant
What is a breeding animal, sometimes used interchangeably with purebreds?
seedstock
What is forage, orb fodder, o sorghum preserved by fermentation that produces acids?
silage
What is the little bit of horn left after dehorning called?
scur
Define settled cow.
pregnant cow
What is a slaughter calf?
calf ready to go to the market
What is the term for a female cow that is pregnant for the first time?
sprig heifer
TMR
total mixed ration
What is the name for the practice of weighing and blending all feedstuffs into a complete ration which provides adequate nourishment to meet the needs of dairy cows?
total mixed ration
Define steer.
male bovine castrated at a young age
What is the organization which grows the calf from 6-10 months to one year?
stocker-yearling op.
What is the triangular depression in the upper part of the flank?
paralumbar fossa
Where is the dorsal boundary of the paralumbar fossa?
transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
What is the cranial boundary of the paralumbar fossa?
last rib
All ruminants, including cows, have what instead of the upper incisors?
dental pad
Are a cow’s lips mobile?
no
In a cow, what structure is used as a prehensile appendage to help move food around the mouth and to form a food bolus?
tongue
What is the appearance of cow kidneys?
lobulated
Are the right and left liver lobes divided in a cow?
no
What is the name for clumped lymph nodules throughout the GI tract?
peyer’s patch
What does the motion of a cow’s kick look like?
arc
What is another name for the cow’s kicking motion?
cow kicking
What is the first stomach into which food enters?
rumen
What GI potion is a large vat that can hold up to 50 gallons at a time?
rumen
What GI portion has a large population of bacteria that ferment food?
rumen
What is the 2nd stomach in the cow?
reticulum
What are the two other names for the reticulum?
hardware stomach
honeycomb
Is there a true point of division between the rumen and the reticulum?
no
What is the third chamber of the stomach?
omasum
Which of the cow’s stomach is very muscular?
omasum
What in the omasum allows for efficient absorption of water and salts?
highly folded, large surface area
What is the fourth and final stomach in the cow?
abomasum
What is known as the true stomach in the cow?
abomasum
What is the glandular stomach in the cow?
abomasum
In which potion of the GI tract in the cow does acid digestion take place?
abomasum
Where does the abomasum usually lie?
R front quadrant of abdomen
What GI organ functions to absorb nutrients as the chumpe passes through?
small intestine
What is the SI broken down into?
duodenum
jujunum
ileum
Are enzyme secreted in the SI?
yes
Do cows have a cecum?
yes
Is the exact function of the cecum in cattle known?
no
What shape is the colon of the cow?
spiral
What organ, on the cow provides passive immunity to calves?
marray gland/udder
What kind of gland is the mammary gland?
exocrine
Into how many sections is the mammary gland divided?
4
What is the name for grape like structures lined with specialized epithelium?
alveoli
Does each alveolus of the mammary gland have its own blood supply?
yes
In the cow, where does the milk collect?
alveolus lumen
What is the process of the milk draining from the udder when the cow is stimulated to let down milk?
milk letdown
Describe the path of milk letdown?
gland cistern
teat cistern
streak canal
via teat sphincter
If the teat sphincter weakens in a cow what does this allow to penetrate into the mammary gland?
bacteria
What hormones stimulate milk production?
growth hormone
adrenal coricoids
prolactin
What hormone stimulates milk letdown?
Oxytocin
What, in the cow, stimulates the release of oxytocin in terms of milk letdown?
sucking action
What can inhibit the release of oxytocin and there fore cease milk letdown?
pain
loud noises
other stressors
Is cow milk higher or lower in protein than human milk?
higher
What determines the fat content in milk produced by cows?
breed
diet
When does lactation in cows peak?
a few weeks after initiation
How many days after calving are dairy cows allowed to “dry out”?
300 days
When a cow is allowed to dry out, for how long is it dry?
2 months
Can cows be born with supernumerary teats?
yes
When can extra teats be removed?
during dehorning
Can having too many teats predispose a cow to mastitis?
yes
Are supernumerary teats inherited or developed?
inherited