BP 3

Question 1

fraternity introduction (1)

Answer 1

In contradiction to the revolutionary ideal of fraternity, women who exercised article 27, ‘ QUOTE’ - were harshly repressed amid shifting tides of the revolution

Question 2

Intro to Champ de mars (2)

Answer 2

Article 27’s bold assertion of resistance legitimised civil defiance when a fracture was seen in the social contract. This was displayed following the Flight To Varennes 1791, when many radical revolutionaries (including women) viewed Louis XVI’s attempted escape as an act of treason.

Question 3

Explaining Champ de Mars (3).

Answer 3

This caused them to present a petition calling for the king’s abdication, a peaceful expression of popular will - consistent with article 27. However, the National guard opened fire on the crowd, causing 30-50 Parisian deaths.

Question 4

Analysis of Champ De Mars (4)

Answer 4

This event was known as the Champ de Mars Massacre 1793, again revealing the limits of another revolutionary value, fraternity - as those once seen as revolutionary allies (women) were now labelled as agitators to the new regime.

Question 5

McPhee’s interpretation (5)

Answer 5

This point is highlighted deeper by historian McPhee who observed that, ‘The king’s flight and the Assembly’s response had divided the country’ (McPhee, 2002, p 91).

Question 6

Pre-intro to Olympe (6)

Answer 6

This repression continued years later to female intellectuals who drew directly from DORMAC to demand women’s inclusion.

Question 7

Olympe de gouges intro (7)

Answer 7

A notable example would be Olympe de Gouges, who challenged the Revolution’s narrow definition of fraternity by asserting her belief that women too were deserving of solidarity, creating the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 - deliberately using DORMAC’s structure as a basis to highlight women’s exclusion.

Question 8

Clause I (8)

Answer 8

Clause I states that, ‘Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights.’ representing an unflinching challenge to the revolution’s sexist hypocrisy (Warman, 2016, p 50)

Question 9

Robbespierre’s reaction (9)

Answer 9

For this, Robbespiere found an excuse to execute her in November 1793, condemned for having “forgotten the virtues that belong to her sex” (Adcock, 2015)

Question 10

Fraternity (10)

Answer 10

Her death illustrates that even invoking the revolution’s core ideals could be fatal when expressed by women.