Brachial Plexus Flashcards
(122 cards)
0
Q
What is the brachial plexus formed by?
A
anterior primary rami of C5-T1, and occasionally some of C4 and/or T2
1
Q
What does the brachial plexus supply?
A
Upper extremities
2
Q
Where does the Brachial Plexus travel?
A
over the first rib into the axilla
3
Q
Directionally how does the brachial plexus travel?
A
medial to lateral
4
Q
What are the subdivisions of the plexus in order?
A
roots, trunks, divisions, cords, and terminal nerves
5
Q
What does each root receive from the sympathetic trunk?
A
Gray Ramus Communicans
6
Q
What do the roots pass between before reaching into the posterior triangle?
A
Anterior and Middle scalene muscles
7
Q
Where are the roots located?
A
Posterior and superior to the subclavian artery
8
Q
What roots form the superior trunk?
A
C5&C6
9
Q
What roots combine to form the middle trunk?
A
C7 only
10
Q
What roots combine to form the inferior trunk?
A
C8&T1
11
Q
What do trunks pass over before reaching the axilla?
A
Rib 1
12
Q
What does each trunk split into?
A
Anterior and posterior divisions
13
Q
What does the anterior division supply?
A
Anterior compartments of the arm and forearm
14
Q
What does the posterior division supply?
A
Posterior compartments of the arm and forearm
15
Q
What are the cords of the brachial plexus named in relation to?
A
axillary artery
16
Q
The anterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks forms what?
A
lateral cord
17
Q
lateral cord contains fibers from what?
A
C5, C6, C7
18
Q
Where does the lateral cord lay to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
A
lateral
19
Q
What cord is formed by the anterior division of the inferior trunk?
A
medial cord
20
Q
Where does the medial cord lie to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
A
Medial
21
Q
What does the medial cord contain fibers from?
A
C8 & T1
22
Q
What is formed by the union of the posterior division of all 3 trunks?
A
Posterior cord
23
Q
Posterior cord contains fibers from where?
A
C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1
24
Where does the posterior cord lie in relation to the 2nd part of the axillary artery?
posterior
25
What nerves are formed from the roots of the brachial plexus?
Dorsal scapular nerve
| Long thoracic nerve
26
What root does the dorsal scapular nerve branch off of?
C5 root
27
Dorsal Scapular nerve receives fibers from where?
C5 only
28
What muscles does the dorsal scapular nerve supply?
Levator scapula, rhomboid major, rhomboid minor
29
The levator scapula also receives fibers from where?
C3 & C4
30
Long thoracic nerve is formed by which roots
C5, C6, C7
31
Long thoracic nerve contains fibers from where
C5, C6, C7
32
Long thoracic nerve supplies what muscle
Serratus anterior
33
Which nerves branch off of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus
Suprascapular nerve, nerve of the subclavius
34
Where do the fibers come from, that supply the suprascapular nerve
C5 and C6
35
Suprascapular nerve supplies what muscles?
Supraspinatus, infraspinatus
36
Nerve to the subclavius receives fibers from where
C5 and C6
37
Nerve to the subclavius supplies what muscle
Subclavius
38
What nerves branch off of the lateral cord
lateral pectoral nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve
39
The lateral pectoral nerve contains fibers from where
C5, C6, C7
40
What muscle is supplied by the lateral pectoral nerve
pectoralis major
41
The pectoralis major receives innervation from where
Lateral pectoral nerve, and medial pectoral nerve
42
What are the names of the two terminal branches of the lateral cord
musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve
43
The musculocutaneous nerve contains fibers from where
C5, C6, C7
44
What muscles are supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve
coracobrachialis, biceps brachii (both heads), brachialis
45
The musculocutaneous nerve supplies the coracobrachialis and inserts where
nerve pierces belly of muscle
46
The musculocutaneous nerve continues between biceps brachii and brachialis into the forearm to become what
lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
47
What does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm supply
Skin over lateral aspect of the forearm (not on the hand)
48
Branches of the medial cord
Medial pectoral nerve, medial cutaneous nerve of the arm, medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm, ulnar nerve
49
Medial pectoral nerve contains fibers from where
C8, T1
50
Medial pectoral nerve supplies what muscles
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
51
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm contains fibers from where
C8 and T1
52
Mediall cutaneous nerve of arm ramifies where
axilla
53
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm supplies what
skin of medial arm between the axilla and the elbow
54
Medial cutaneous nerve receives some fiber from T2 through a communication with what nerve
intercostobrachial nerve
55
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm contains fibers from where
C8 and T1
56
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm leaves the medial cord __________ to the medial cutaneous nerve of the arm
distal
57
Medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies
skin over biceps brachii
58
Terminal branches of the medial cord
ulnar nerve and median nerve
59
Ulnar nerve contains fibers from where
C8, T1, and sometimes C7
60
Ulnar nerve travels ________ to the brachial artery
medial
61
Brachial artery and ulnar artery are located in what structure
medial bicipital sulcus
62
Does the ulnar nerve branch in the arm
no
63
Ulnar nerve crosses the elbow on the _______ side of the _________ in the sulcus for the ulnar nerve
Posterior side, medial epicondyle
64
When ulnar nerve is hit, it is commonly called what
funny bone
65
Ulnar nerve continues into the forearm between what structure
2 heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris
66
Ulnar nerve innervates what muscle in the forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris, medial 1/2 of the flexor digitorum profundus
67
Ulnar nerve gives off what 2 sensory branches in the forearm
dorsal branch
| palmar branch
68
Dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what
skin on the ulnar side of the posterior hand
69
Palmar branch of the ulnar nerve supplies what
skin over the hypothenar eminence
70
Ulnar nerve travels where
deep to flexor carpi ulnaris to the wrist
passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum
and divides into branches
71
Ulnar nerve divides into 2 branches
superficial
| deep
72
Superficial branch of the ulnar nerve divides into what
3 terminal branches (proper palmer branches)
73
Terminal branches of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve supply what
palmar aspect of the little finger, and medial half of the ring finger
74
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve in the hand curves towards what structure
thenar eminance
75
Deep branch of the ulnar nerve gives off branches to supply what
abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, deep head of flexor pollicis brevis, all interossei (dorsal and palmar), lumbricals 3 & 4
76
Clinical considerations of the ulnar nerve
claw hand
77
Lateral cord and medial cord contribute to what nerve
median nerve
78
Median nerve contains fibers from
C6, C7, C8, T1
79
Median nerve travels through arm in what structure
medial bicipital sulcus
80
What branches does the median nerve give off
none
81
Median nerve crosses the elbow on the anterior side and enters the forearm after passing between what structure
2 heads of the pronator teres
82
Median nerve innervates what muscles
pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor digitorum superior, pronator quadratus
83
Median nerve innervates muscles by way of what
anterior interosseous nerve of the forearm (which is given off of the median nerve in the elbow)
84
The palmer branch of the median nerve is given off where
distal third of the forearm
85
Palmer branch of the median nerve supplies what
the skin of the thenar eminence, lateral wrist, and palm
86
Median nerve passes through what before dividing into 3 common palmer digital nerves
carpal tunnel
87
Common palmar digital nerve supplies what
first 2 lumbricals
88
Branches of the first common palmar digital nerve supply
abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis (superior head), opponens pollicis
89
Each common palmar digital nerve splits into what nerve
proper palmar digital nerve
90
The proper palmar digital nerve deals with what function
sensory only
91
The proper palmar digital nerve supplies what
skin over the lateral 3 1/2 digits
92
Median nerve supplies what
periosteum, elbow, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints
93
Median nerve usually communicates with what other nerve at the wrist
ulnar nerve
94
Clinical considerations of the median nerve
hand of oath/benediction
carpal tunnel syndrome
unable to pronate hand
95
Branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
superior subscapular nerve, thoracodorsal nerve, inferior subscapullar nerve, axillary nerve, radial nerve
96
Superior subscapular nerve contains fibers from where
C5 and C6
97
Superior subscapular nerve supplies what muscle
subscapularis
98
Thoracodorsal nerve contains fibers from where
C6, C7 & C8
99
Thoracodorsal nerve travels along posterior axillary wall to supply what muscle
latissimus dorsi
100
Inferior subscapular nerve contains fibers from where
C5, C6
101
Inferior subscapular nerve supplies what muscles
subscapularis & teres major
102
Axillary nerve contains fibers from where
C5 & C6
103
Axillary nerve travels ________ around the surgical neck of the humerus
posterior
104
Axillary nerve supplies which muscles
deltoid, and teres minor
105
What is the name of the sensory branch that is given off at the same level that the branch to the teres minor is given
superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm
106
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies what
lateral shoulder and upper arm
107
radial nerve contains fibers from where
C5, C6, C7, C8, and sometimes T1
108
Radial nerve supplies which muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm
all muscles
109
Radial nerve spirals around to the posterior of humerus from what structure
medial bicipital sulcus
110
Radial nerve passes into the forearm on the anterior side of the elbow after traveling between what muscles
brachialis, and brachioradialis
111
Radial nerve divides into what 2 branches at the level of the radial nerve
superficial branch
| deep branch
112
The deep branch of the radial nerve terminates as what nerve
posterior interosseous nerve
113
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies what
narrow area of skin on the lateral side of the posterior forearm
114
Branches given off at the level of the lateral epicondyle supplies what muscles
brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus
115
Once in the forearm, the radial nerve splits into what branches
superior branch
| deep branch
116
Superficial branch of the radial nerve travels to the hand and gives off what nerve
dorsal digital nerve
117
The superficial branch of the radial nerve also gives off what branch
the communicating branch (with the ulnar nerve)
118
The terminal branch of the deep branch of the radial nerve is called what
posterior interosseous nerve
119
Posterior interosseous nerve supplies what muscles
external pollicis longus
| external indicis
120
Clinical considerations about radial nerve
drop wrist
| triceps and brachioradials reflexes
121
Brachial plexus injuries
supraclavicular --> erb duchenne
Infraclavicular --> Klumpke
