Brain 1

Question 1

Brain divisions (4)

Answer 1

1) Cerebrum
2) Brainstem
3) Diencephalon
4) Cerebellum

Question 2

Ventricles (2)

Answer 2

1) Cavities within the brain that are filled with CSF

2) Four ventricles include the two lateral ventricles, third ventricle and fourth ventricle, which drains into the central canal of the spinal cord

Question 3

Meninges

Answer 3

Three layers of connective tissue membranes that cover and protect CNS organs and enclose CSF

Question 4

Dura mater

Answer 4

Leathery, double-layered outer meninx

Question 5

Arachnoid meninx

Answer 5

Loose layer separated from the dura mater by the subdural space

Question 6

Subarachnoid space (2)

Answer 6

1) Beneath the arachnoid meninx

2) Filled with CSF and contains blood vessels

Question 7

Pia mater meninx

Answer 7

Thin connective tissue tightly attached to the brain

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Answer 8

1) Special fluid formed in the walls of the ventricles from blood plasma by permeating through the CHOROID PLEXUS

2) Cushions the brain and spinal cord by providing buoyancy

3) Circulates through the ventricles and into the subarachnoid space, bathing brain in fluid

Question 9

Blood-brain barrier (3)

Answer 9

1) Diffusion barrier that prevents most particles from entering the CNS tissue, keeping the brain and spinal cord separate from general blood circulation

2) Formed by astrocyte glial cells

3) Creates a stable chemical environment for the nervous system

Question 10

Cerebrum

Answer 10

1) Foremost part of brain, comprising 83% of brain mass

Question 11

Gyri

Answer 11

Raised ridges of tissue in cerebral cortex

Question 12

Sulci

Answer 12

Shallow grooves in cerebral cortex that separate gyri

Question 13

Fissures

Answer 13

Deeper grooves that separate large region of the brain

Question 14

Transverse fissure

Answer 14

Separates cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 15

Four lobes of the brain (4)

Answer 15

Frontal lobe (anterior)

Parietal lobe (posterior top)

Occipital lobe (posterior)

Temporal lobe (sides)

Question 16

Cerebral cortex (2)

Answer 16

1) Outer portion of the cerebral hemispheres

2) Highly convoluted and gray in color

Question 17

Cerebral hemispheres (2)

Answer 17

1) Left and right masses of the cerebrum, separated by MEDIAN LONGITUDINAL FISSURE

2) Left cerebral hemisphere controls right side of the body and right cerebral hemisphere controls left side of the body

Question 18

Corpus callosum

Answer 18

White nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres so they can communicate with each other

Question 19

Frontal lobe

Answer 19

Controls higher level executive functions such as reason and decision making

Question 20

Parietal lobe

Answer 20

Receives sensory information from receptors in the mouth for taste and located in the skin, such as those for touch, pressure and pain

Question 21

Occipital lobe

Answer 21

Interprets visual input

Question 22

Temporal lobe

Answer 22

Sensory areas for hearing and smelling

Question 23

Primary areas of each lobe

Answer 23

Receive or send information for one type of sensory or motor information

Question 24

Association areas of each lobe (3)

Answer 24

1) Act mainly to integrate more than one type of sensory information for purposeful action

2) Each lobe contains an association area which receives information from the other lobes and integrates it into higher, more complex levels of consciousness

3) Examples include intellect, artistic/creative ability, learning and memory

Question 25

Broca’s area

Answer 25

Located in the frontal lobe, is responsible for speech PRODUCTION

Question 26

Wernicke’s area

Answer 26

Located in temporal lobe, is responsible for speech COMPREHENSION

Question 27

Primary motor cortex

Answer 27

Controls voluntary motor movements for all parts of the body

Question 28

Primary sensory cortex

Answer 28

Parietal lobe receives sensory information from the same parts of the body

Question 29

Consciousness and the cerebrum (2)

Answer 29

State of being awake and aware of a person’s surroundings

Cerebrum is portion of brain that governs intelligence reasoning and higher level thinking and can override “lower parts of brain”

Question 30

Parts of the brainstem (3)

Answer 30

1) Midbrain

2) Pons

3) Medulla oblongata

Question 31

Medulla oblongata (2)

Answer 31

1) vital centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstriction

2) reflex centers for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing

Question 32

Vasoconstriction

Answer 32

Constriction of the blood vessels involved in the regulation of blood pressure

Question 33

Pons (3)

Answer 33

1) Contains bundles of axons traveling between the cerebellum and the rest of the CNS

2) Works with medulla to regulate the breathing rate

3) Contains reflex centers concerned with head movements in response to visual and auditory stimuli

Question 34

Midbrain

Answer 34

1) Acts as a relay station for tracts passing between the cerebrum and spinal cord or cerebellum

2) Has reflex centers for higher-level reflexes involving visual, auditory and tactile responses

Question 35

Superior and inferior colliculi

Answer 35

1) Located on posterior portion of midbrain

2) Control reflexes for the head and neck in response to a sudden visual or auditory stimulus

Question 36

Subdural space

Answer 36

Space below the dura mater and above the arachnoid space

Question 37

Right and left central sulcus

Answer 37

Central sulci that go from top to bottom of brain

Question 38

Detailed graph of lobes and primary/association areas

Answer 38