Module 4: Diseases of the Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Blood pooling (6)
1) Standing for long periods of time with no movement
2) Blood pools in the veins
3) When veins are fully distended, they can no longer accept blood from capillaries
4) Plasma forces out of capillary walls
5) Drop in arterial blood pressure
6) Syncope - fainting from decreased oxygen to brain
Left sided heart failure (3)
1) Pulmonary edema/congestive heart failure
2) Fluid backs up into lungs
3) Impaired systemic circulation
Right sided heart failure (3)
1) Peripheral edema
2) Fluids build up in the body and limbs
3) Impaired pulmonic circulation
Hypertension (3)
1) Systolic and diastolic pressures significantly higher than 120/80
2) Silent killer
3) May not have symptoms until heart attack or stroke occurs
a) Importance of regular blood pressure checks
b) Adopting healthy lifestyle to protect against development of hyptertension
Atherosclerosis (4)
1) Accumulation of soft masses of fatty materials (often cholesterol) inside vessels (plaque)
2) Plaque builds up and protrudes inside the vessel
a) Interferes with normal blood flow
b) Can cause a clot to form from the irregular arterial wall
3) Plaque itself may stop blood flow in the immediate area
4) Clot can dislodge and travel, clotting a smaller artery
Clot terminology (3)
1) Thrombus
a) Stationary blood clot
2) Embolus
a) Blood clot dislodges and moves in the blood
3) Thromboembolism
a) Embolus that becomes lodged in a vessel as it travels
Pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) (3)
1) Blockage of major artery in the lungs
2) Shortness of breath
3) Angina (chest pain)
Infarction (2)
1) Blood vessel is entirely blocked
2) Causes tissue death in the area supplied by that vessel
Myocardial Infarction (MI) (3)
1) Portion of the heart muscle dies due to lack of oxygen
2) Also, if partially blocked:
a) Angina pectoris
b) Radiating pain down the left arm
3) MI signs and symptoms
a) Shortness of breath
b) Lightheadedness
c) Pain in the arm, jaw, neck, between the shoulder blades
d) Chest pressure or feeling of heaviness in the chest
Streptokinase (bacteria), t-PA (geneticallly engineered) (2)
1) Given intravenously
2) Converts plasminogen into plasmin which dissolves clots
Aspirin (2)
1) Reduces coagulation of platelets
2) Lower probability that clot will form
Surgical intervention: Angioplasty (2)
1) Surgeon threads plastic tube into artery of arm or leg toward the heart
2) Balloon attached to end of tube is inflated at the clotted portion, forcing vessel to open
Surgical Intervention: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) (5)
1) Segment from another blood vessel is removed
2) One end stitched to the aorta
3) Other end stitched below the area of obstruction
4) Bypasses area of obstruction
5) Lasers may also be used to clear vessels
