Brain 2

Question 1

3 Key components of learning and memory

Answer 1

Hippocampus, cortex, thalamus

Question 2

limbic system and memory

Answer 2

hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus (not limbic but still), cingulate gyrus.

Question 3

hypothalamus and memory

Answer 3

association with ANS

Question 4

hippocampus

Answer 4

assocaition with memory

Question 5

cingulate gyrus and amygdala

Answer 5

association with emotion

Question 6

Hippocampus and learning

Answer 6

Hippocampus is central to learning and the formation of memories.
People with bilateral hippocampal damage have immediate (sensory) memory (seconds in length) and intact long-term memory (from time before damage) but are unable to form new long-term memories.
Their reflexive memory (motor skills) remains intact

Question 7

Immediate or Sensory memory

Answer 7

a few seconds. Describes the ability to hold experiences in the mind for a few seconds. Based on different sensory modalities. Visual memories decay fastest (<1s), auditory ones slowest (<4s).

Question 8

Short-term memory

Answer 8

seconds to hours. Often called Working Memory. Brain’s “post-it note”. Used for short term tasks such as dialling a phone number, mental arithmetic, reading a sentence. Associated with reverberating circuits.

Question 9

Intermediate long-term memory

Answer 9

hours to weeks e.g. what you did last weekend. Associated with chemical adaptation at the presynaptic terminal.

Question 10

Long-term memory

Answer 10

can be lifelong. e.g. where you grew up and your childhood friends. Associated with structural changes in synaptic connections.

Question 11

Development of the nervous system begins in?

Answer 11

week 3

Question 12

Neural tube develops from

Answer 12

embryonic ectoderm

Question 13

neural tube closes

Answer 13

ant 25 days, post 27 days

Question 14

neurons and glia of CNS formed by

Answer 14

Neural tube

Question 15

neurons and glia of PNS (plus non-neuronal cells) formed by

Answer 15

Neural crest cells

Question 16

ventricular system is formed by

Answer 16

lumen of neural tube

Question 17

Primary brain vesicles

Answer 17

Prosencephalon (forebrain), Mesencephalon (midbrain), Rhombencephalon (hindbrain).

Question 18

Secondary brain vesicles

Answer 18

Telencephalon & Diencephalon (from forebrain). Mesencephalon. Metencephalon & Myelencephalon (from hindbrain)

Question 19

telencephalon

Answer 19

cerebral hemispheres, hippocampus, basal ganglia

Question 20

Diencephalon

Answer 20

thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, pineal

Question 21

Mesencephalon (midbrain)

Answer 21

superior and inferior colliculi

Question 22

metencephalon

Answer 22

cerebellum, pons

Question 23

myelencephalon

Answer 23

medulla

Question 24

what cells line the ventricles

Answer 24

Ependymal cells - they have cilia and help move the CSF through the system

Question 25

function of cerebellum

Answer 25

coordinate muscle movements, maintain posture, and balance

Question 26

function of frontal lobe

Answer 26

associated with executive functions including self-control, planning, reasoning, memory storage and abstract thought

Question 27

occipital lobe

Answer 27

vision

Question 28

temporal lobe

Answer 28

audition and language

Question 29

hypothalamus

Answer 29

TAN HATS - Thirst and water balance - Adenohypophysis control - Neurohypophysis releases hormones from hypothalamus - Hunger - Autonomic regulation - Temperature regulation - Sexual urges

Question 30

midbrain

Answer 30

conciousness, processing visual and auditory data, generation of reflexive somatic motor response

Question 31

pons

Answer 31

involved in the control of breathing, communication between different parts of the brain, and sensations such as hearing, taste, and balance

Question 32

medulla

Answer 32

helps regulate breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing, and swallowing

Question 33

cerebellum

Answer 33

coordinates complex somatic motor patterns. cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements such as posture, balance, coordination, and speech, resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity