Brain Flashcards

(26 cards)

1
Q

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebellum

A
anterior lobe (smaller)
posterior lobe (majority)
flucculonodular (tiny)
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2
Q

where does the cerebellum sit

A

in the posterior cranial fossa

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3
Q

how is the cerebellum attached to the brainstem

A

3 stalks called peduncles

superior, middle, inferior

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4
Q

what are the 3 layers of the cerebellum

A
molecular layer (outer)
purkinje layer (middle)
granular layer (inner)
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5
Q

where is the only output in the cerebellum

A

via the axons of the purkinje cells

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6
Q

what is the functions of the basal ganglia

A

to facilitate purposeful movement
inhibit unwanted movements
posture and muscle tone

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7
Q

what are the 5 aspects of the basal ganglia

A
caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus
subthalamic nucleus 
substantia nigra
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8
Q

what makes up the lenticular nucleus

A

putamen

globus pallidus

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9
Q

what makes up the corpus striatum

A

caudate nucleus
putamen
globus pallidus

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10
Q

what makes up the striatum

A

caudate nucleus

putamen

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11
Q

what is the substantia nigra important clinical

A

degeneration of dopaminergic neurones here leads to Parkinson’s Disease

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12
Q

what side of the body would a unilateral lesion in the basal ganglia affect

A

contralateral

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13
Q

what are the motor signs of a lesion in the basal ganglia

A

changes in muscle tone

dyskinesias (tremor, chorea, myoclonus)

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14
Q

what is Huntington’s Disease

A
  • autosomal dominant disorder

- progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex

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15
Q

what is the signs of Huntington’s Disease

A

chorea

progressive dementia

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16
Q

what is aphasia

A

inability to use language

17
Q

what would damage to Broca’s area cause

A
  • difficulty speaking/producing language
  • often use few words, only saying most important words
  • DO NOT struggle understanding speech
18
Q

where is Broca’s area found

19
Q

what would damage to Wernicke’s area cause

A
  • difficulty understanding speech

- will say meaningless words

20
Q

where is Wernicke’s area found

A

temporal lobe

21
Q

what is heminopia

A

blindness for half the field of vision

22
Q

what is homonymous heminopia

A

when vision is lost in the same visual fields in both eyes

23
Q

where is the somatosensory cortex (SI) located

A

post central gyrus of the parietal cortex

24
Q

what is the somatosensory cortex posterior to

A

central sulcus

25
what is the homunculus used for
reveals the relative volume of cortex devoted to each body part
26
what happens if a finger (e.g. D3) is amputated, what happens to the area of SI representing the finger
Area formerly representing D3, after several months, now responds to stimulation of the adjacent digits (D2 and D4 – their cortical representation expands into the territory formerly representing D3)